During the second border raid, Fuentes' men had seized a packet of important papers including a "cedula" from the King of England that showed Carolina to extend westward across Florida, New Mexico, and California to the "South Sea," or Pacific Ocean (Marquez Cabrera, 1687). Spain's colonies in North America were about to be caught in the crossfire of her rivals, for what England was doing to the map horizontally, France was doing vertically, extending its trading empire from New France down the Mississippi River and toward the Gulf. (Bushnell SS)