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SA's Spaniards were mostly illierate
Source: Runaways, Renegades, and St. Augustine's Towns People #113
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Gertrudis de Morales, Lt. Castillo and Francisco Jospogue faced changes that were by-products of Spain’s response to the settlement by the English in 1670 in the southeast. The changes that unsettled Gertrudis and Lt. Castillo would be the expected and the usual for their children and grandchildren. Gertrudis’s grandchildren who lived in Spanish Florida would not recall a time when there was no concern that the English might attack. Except for the records of her three marriages and details about her in the record of her children in the St. Augustine parish records, there is little information written about Gertrudis. She may have even married a fourth time during a period for which the marriage records are missing. She could probably neither read nor write. Many of the soldiers were as illiterate as Gertrudis. Spanish military historian Juan Marchena Fernández noted that for every one hudnred soldiers in Florida, only twelve could sign their names and eight could read. As previously mentioned, church and military records provide the few documentary tiles in the partial mosaic of lives which we can reconstruct today. (Parker RR)
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