An Account shewing the Progress of the Colony of Georgia

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] The Indians, from the Presents which they have Annually received from the Trustees, and from the Justice and Humanity with which they have been treated, are secured in the British Interest, notwithstanding the Arts both of the French, and the Spaniards to seduce them: By this South-Carolina has been free from those Wars, in which (as the Preamble of his Majesty's Charter sets forth) they had frequently suffered, and so late as in the Year 1715 had been laid almost waste with Fire and Sword, and by the Security which South-Carolina received by such a Frontier as Georgia is to it, very large Tracts of Land have been Cultivated in the Southern Part of that Province, which no Person would venture to settle on before, and a great quantity of Rice raised thereon.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] 1732-6-9 Rehashing the Georgia charter HIS Majesty King GEORGE the Second, by his Letters Patent bearing date the 9th Day of June, One thousand seven hundred and thirty two, reciting amongst many other things, that many of his poor Subjects were through Misfortunes and want of Employment reduced to great Necessities, and would be glad to be Settled in any of his Majesty's Provinces of America, where by Cultivating the Lands Waste and Desolate, they might not only gain a comfortable Subsistence, but also, strengthen his Majesty's Colonies, and increase the Trade, Navigation and Wealth of his Majesty's Realms, and that the Provinces in North America had been frequently Ravaged by Indian Enemies, more especially that of South Carolina, whose Southern Frontier continued unsettled and lay open to the Neighboring Savages, and that to relieve the Wants of the said Poor People, and to protect his Majesty's Subjects in South Carolina, a Regular Colony of the said Poor People should be Settled and Established in the Southern Frontiers of Carolina did for the Considerations aforesaid, Constitute a Corporation by the Name of the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America, with Capacity to purchase and take Lands, to sue, and to be sued, to have a Common Seal, and to Chuse Members of the said Corporation on the third Thursday in March Yearly, with restraining Clauses, that no Member of the said Corporation should have any Salary, Fee, Perquisite, Benefit or Profit whatsoever for Acting therein, or have any Office, Place, or Employment of Profit under the said Corporation, with a Direction for the said Corporation every Year to lay an Account in Writing before the Lord Chancellor, Chief Justice of the Kings Bench, Master of the Rolls, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Chief Baron of the Exchequer, or any Two of them, of all Moneys or Effects by them Received or Expended for Carrying on the good Purposes aforesaid, with a Power to make By-Laws, Constitutions, Orders and Ordinances; And Granted amongst 2 other things to the said Corporation and their Successors, under the Reservations therein mentioned, seven undivided Parts (the whole into eight equal parts to be divided) of all those Lands, Countries and Territories, situate, lying and being in that part of South Carolina in America, which lies from the most Northern Stream of a River there commonly called the Savannah, all along the Sea Coast to the Southward, unto the most Southern Stream of a certain other great Water or River, called the Alatamaha, and Westward from the Heads of the said Rivers respectively in direct Lines to the South Seas, To have and to hold the same, to them the said Corporation and their Successors for Ever, for the better support of the said Colony under the Yearly Rent of Four Shillings Proclamation Money of South Carolina, for every Hundred Acres of the said Lands for ever, which the said Corporation should Grant, Demise, Plant or Settle, but not to Commence until Ten Years after such Grant, Demise, Planting or Settling; And Erected and Created the said Lands, Countries, and Territories into one independent and separate Province by the Name of GEORGIA, and made the Inhabitants who should reside therein, free and not subject to any Laws, Orders, Statutes, or Constitutions of South Carolina, except the Commander-in-Chief of the Militia, and Authorized the said Corporation for the Term of 21 Years from the Date of the said Letters Patent to form and prepare Laws, Statutes and Ordinances for the Government of the said Colony, not repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of England, to be presented under their Common Seal, to his Majesty in Council, for his Approbation or Disallowance, and that the said Laws so Approved of should be in full Force and Virtue within the said Province: And empowered the Common Council for the Time being of the said Corporation, or the major Part of them, to dispose of, expend and apply, all the Moneys and Effects belonging to the said Corporation, and to make Contracts for Carrying and Effecting the good Purposes therein intended, and that they should, from Time to Time, appoint a Treasurer, Secretary, and such other Officers, Ministers, and Servants of the said Corporation as they should see proper, for the good Management of their Affairs, and at their Pleasure to remove them and appoint Others in their stead, and that they should appoint reasonable Salaries, Perquisites and other Rewards for their Labor or Services, and that such Officers should be Sworn before they Act, for the faithful and due Execution of their respective Offices and Places; and declared, that the Treasurer and Secretary for the Time being should be incapable of being Members of the said Corporation; and granted to the said Corporation that it should be lawful for them, their Officers or Agents, to Transport and Convey into the said Province, such of his Majesty's Subjects and Foreigners as were willing to go and 3 Inhabit and Reside there; and declared all Persons Born within the said Province, and their Children and Posterity, to be Free Denizens as if they had been Born within any of his Majesty's Dominions: And empowered the said Common Council in the Name of the Corporation and under their Common Seal, to distribute, convey, assign, and set over such particular Portions of the said Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments, unto such of his Majesty's Subjects and others willing to Live in the said Colony, upon such Terms, and for such Estates, and upon such Rents, Reservations and Conditions, as the same might lawfully be granted, and as to the said Common Council, or the major Part of them, should seem fit and proper, Provided that no Grant should be made of any part of the said Lands, unto, or in trust for, or for the Benefit of any Member of the said Corporation, and that no greater Quantity of the said Lands be granted either entirely or in parcels, to or to the use of, or in trust for, any one Person, than five hundred Acres; and declared that all Grants made contrary to the true intent and meaning thereof should be absolutely Null and Void: And granted that the said Corporation for the Term of 21 Years from the Date of the said Letters Patent should have Power to Erect and Constitute Judicatures and Courts of Record, or other Courts, to be held in his Majesty's Name, for the heating and determining of all manner of Crimes, Offences, Pleas, Processes, Plaints, Actions, Matters, Causes and Things whatsoever, arising or happening within the said Province, or between Persons Inhabiting or Residing there, and for awarding and making out Executions thereupon; and directed the said Corporation to Register or cause to be Registred, all Leases, Grants, Plantings, Conveyances, Settlements and Improvements whatsoever, as should at any time be made of any Lands, Tenements or Hereditaments within the said Province, and Yearly transmit Authentic Accounts thereof unto the Auditor of the Plantations, or his Deputy, and to the Surveyor of South Carolina, to inspect and survey the same, to Ascertain the Quit-Rents that should become due according to the Reservation before mentioned; but not to have, or take any Gratuity, Fee or Reward for such Survey or Inspection, on Forfeiture of their Office; with a Proviso, That all Leases, Grants and Conveyances to be made, of any Lands within the said Province, or a Memorial Containing the Substance or Effect thereof, should be Registred with the Auditor of the Plantations within One Year from the Date thereof, otherwise that the same should be void: And directed, that all Rents, Issues or Profits which should come to the said Corporation, issuing or arising out of, or from the said Province, should be laid out and applied in such manner as would most improve and enlarge the said Colony, and best Answer the good Purposes therein mentioned, and for defraying all other Charges about the same; and directed the said Corporation from time to time to give in to one of the Secretaries of State, and to the Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, Accounts of the Progress of the said Colony; And directed that the said Common Council should from time to time for the said Term of 21 Years from the Date of the said Letters Patent, have Power to appoint all such Governors, Judges, Magistrates, Ministers, and Officers, Civil and Military, both by Sea and Land, within the said District, as they should think fit and needful for the Government of the said Colony (except such Officers as should be appointed for Managing, Collecting and Receiving such of his Majesty's Revenues, as should arise within the said Province) with a Proviso, that every Governor so Appointed, should be Approved by his Majesty, and Qualify himself as other Governors in America are by Law required to do, and give Security for Observing the Acts of Parliament relating to Trade and Navigation, and Obeying all Instructions from his Majesty, or any Acting under his Authority, pursuant to the said Acts: And Granted, that the said Corporation for the said Term of 21 Years, from the Date of the said Letters Patent, should have Power, by any Commander or other Officer for that Purpose appointed to Train, Instruct, Exercise, and Govern, a Militia for the special Defense and Safety of the said Colony, to Assemble in Martial Array, and put in Warlike Posture, the Inhabitants of the said Colony, and in Time of actual War, Invasion or Rebellion, to use and exercise the Law Martial, and also to erect Forts and Fortify any Place or Places within the said Colony, and the same to furnish with all necessary Ammunition, Provision and Stores of War for Offence and Defense, and from time to time to commit the Custody and Government of them to such Person or Persons as to them should seem meet, Declaring that the Governor or Commander in Chief of South Carolina should have the Chief Command of the Militia of Georgia, and that they should observe his Orders; And Granted that the said Corporation should have Power to Import or Export their Goods, at or from any Port or Ports that should be appointed by his Majesty within the said Province for that purpose, without being obliged to touch at any other Port in Carolina: And Declared, that after the End of the said 21 Years, such Form of Government, and method of making Laws, Statutes, and Ordinances for the Government of the said Province, and it's Inhabitants, should be Observed and Established within the same, as his Majesty, his Heirs and Successors should Ordain and Appoint, and should be agreeable to Law; and that after the End of the said 21 Years, the Governor and all Officers Civil and Military, within the said Province. 5 should be Appointed by his Majesty, his heirs and Successors, In Pursuance of his Majesty's Charter, and in order to fulfil the good Intents and Purposes therein expressed, it was thought necessary for the Trustees to send over such poor People and foreign Protestants as were willing to Live in Georgia, not only to cultivate the Lands, but at the same Time to strengthen his Majesty's Colonies. For which purpose they considered each Inhabitant both as a Planter and a Soldier; and they were therefore to be Provided with Arms for their Defense, as well as Tools for their Cultivation, and to be Taught the Exercise of both, and Towns were to be laid out for their Settlements, and Lands allotted to each of them for their Maintenance as near to those Towns as conveniently could be, that they might never have Occasion to be too far distant from their Towns, which were to be regarded as their Garrisons.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] APPENDIX 1: 1733-1-31 LETTER TO TRUSTEES FROM Thomas LOMBE [From above: The Trustees desired by a Letter, Sir Thomas Lombe's sentiments of the Goodness of the Raw Silk produced in Carolina, and the proper methods of carrying on that Undertaking with Success, on which they received * from Sir Thomas Lombe great Encouragement to proceed in it, by his Approbation of the Silk produced in that Climate, of which he had made Experiments.] To the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of GEORGIA. Gentlemen, IN Writing this Answer to a Letter I had the Honor to receive from you, dated the 29th Instant, wherein you desire to know my Sentiments of an Undertaking to raise Raw Silk in your new Settlement in Georgia; of the Probability of succeeding therein; the proper steps to be taken to bring that Work to Perfection, and my Opinion of the Nature, Quality and Use of the Raw Silk produced in Carolina: It is a great Pleasure to me, that from Experiments which I made some Years ago, I can now besides my Opinion, give you some Information concerning that Silk which may be depended upon. The Value and Usefulness of the Undertaking will appear as soon as we consider that all the Silk consumed in this Kingdom, is now of foreign Growth and Manufacture, which Costs the Nation very great Sums of Money Yearly to purchase; and that the raising our Supply thereof in his Majesty's Dominions in America would save us all that Money, afford Employment to many Thousands of his Majesty's Subjects, and greatly increase the Trade and Navigation of Great-Britain. It appears to me as Beneficial to the Kingdom, attended with as little Hazard or Difficulty, as much Wanted, and which may as soon be brought to Perfection in a proper Climate as any Undertaking so Considerable in itself, that I ever heard of. I therefore think that there is a very great Probability of it's succeeding, if such proper Methods are pursued, and such Assistance afforded to the poor People at their first setting out, as are necessary to Settle, Instruct and Encourage them. The Silk produced in Carolina has as much natural Strength and Beauty as the Silk of Italy (which is commonly called fine Silk) and by the several Experiments I have tried with it, I am satisfied that it might be made to answer the same Purposes that Italian Silk now does, if it be reeled in short Skains, a fine clean and even Thread: To effect which if some experienced Persons are at first sent to Teach the People, the Work will soon be made easy to the meanest Capacity, and the value of the Silk will be thereby greatly increased. As for my own Part, if at any Time you should think I can be of use to promote so good a Work, I shall be ready to execute your Commands as far as I am able; and always remain, Gentlemen, Your most Obedient, Humble Servant, Tho. Lombe. Old Jaory, Jan. 31, 1732.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] When the Trustees had made these Dispositions, and were enabled by donations from several private Persons, on the 3rd of October 1732, It was resolved to send over 114 Men, Women and Children who were in decayed Circumstances that disabled them from following any Business in England, and who if in Debt had permission from their Creditors to go, and who were recommended by their Minister. And James Oglethorpe, Esq. one of the Trustees, went with them at his own Expense to settle them.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] The chosen settlers agreed to the terms On the 24th of the same Month the People were all Examined whether any of them had any Objections to the Terms and Conditions proposed to them, which they all declared they had not, but that they were fully satisfied with them, and executed Articles under their Hands and Seals, testifying their Consents thereto, which are now in the Public Office belonging to the Trustees. Four settlers negotiated rights for female heirs But four of them desiring that their Daughters might inherit as well as Sons, and that the Widows Dower might be considered, the Trustees immediately Resolved, that every Person who should desire the same, should have the Privilege of naming a Successor to the Lands granted to them, who in Case the Possessor should die without Issue Male, should hold the same to them and their Heirs Male forever; and that the Widows should have their Thirds as in England, with which Resolutions the People being all acquainted, were very well satisfied. The Trustees did their best to choose magistrates and officials from the 114 The Trustees prepared Forms of Government, agreeable to the Powers given them by their Charter; they Established under their Seal a Court of Judicature for Trying Causes as well Criminal as Civil in the Town of Savannah, (the Name which was given to the first Town to be raised) by the Name and Stile of The Town Court; They also appointed Magistrates there, viz. Three Bailiffs and a Recorder; and inferior Officers, viz. Two Constables and two Tithing Men: They Chose for Magistrates such as appeared to them the most Prudent and Discreet, but amongst a Number of People who were all upon a Level at their 11 first setting out, it was impossible to make any Choice or Distinction which would not create some future uneasinesses among them.

Account of the Progress of the first Colony sent to Georgia. We set sail from Gravesend, on the 17th of Novr. 1732, in the ship Anne, of 200 tons, John Thomas, Master, being about 130 persons, and arrived off the bar of Charlestown on the 13th day of January following (Trustees 1733). From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Several Trustees checked that the 114 were well-supplied at their departure, and 15 more people were added On the 16th of November, 1732, when the 114 People and Reverend Mr. Herbert, a Clergyman of the Church of England, and a Man from Piedmont (engaged by the Trustees to instruct the People in the Art of Winding Silk) embarked on board the Ship Anne, Capt. Thomas; several of the Trustees went to Gravesend, called over the People, and made a strict Enquiry into their Accommodations and Provisions, and left the People very well satisfied. Soon after Fifteen more Persons were sent, eleven of whom were Sawyers, in order to Assist the People in Building their Houses. Three settlers were given 5,000 acres to distribute to new arrivals At the time of the Embarkation five thousand Acres of Land were Granted to Three of the Colonists, in trust for them or the survivors of them, to make Grants from time to time to every Man of 21 Years of Age or upwards, (who should arrive in Georgia, and desire the same) fifty Acres of Land to hold to him and his Heirs Male. The money was held at Bank of England and governed by the Trustees’ Common Council The Common Council of the Trustees (who the Charter entrusted with the money) resolved at their first meeting that the Bank of England should keep the Money belonging to the Trust, which the Bank accepted, and have continued so to do, paying no Sums but by Drafts signed by five of the Common Council.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1733, to the 9th June 1734. Fraudulent investment schemes appeared in England As very pleasing Accounts of the Country and Settlement were sent from several of the People there to their Friends, the Trustees were informed that some Persons had gone about in several Parts of England offering Money and Land in their Names (but without their Knowledge or Authority) to any who should be desirous of going to Georgia: Therefore they Published an Advertisement in some of the newspapers in order to prevent the ill Consequences of drawing Laborious People out of the Country with such Expectations, and they declared that they had never given such Power to any Persons whatsoever, and that they never used any Solicitations to induce People to go over.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the Camp near Savannah, the 10th February, 1733. Gentlemen, I Gave you an Account in my last, of our Arrival at Charles-Town; The Governor and Assembly have given us all possible Encouragement. Our People arrived at Beaufort on the 20th of January, where I lodged them in some new Barracks built for the Soldiers, whilst I went myself to view the Savannah-River. I fixed upon a Healthy Situation about ten Miles from the Sea; the River here forms a half Moon, along the south side of which the Banks are about forty feet high, and on the Top a Flat, which they call a Bluff; the plain High Ground extends into the Country about five or six Miles, and along the River side about a Mile. Ships that draw twelve feet Water can ride within ten Yards of the Bank. Upon the River side in the Centre of this Plain, I have laid out the Town, opposite, to which is an Island of very Rich Pasturage, which I think should be kept for the Trustees Cattle; the River is pretty Wide, the Water fresh, and from the Key of the Town you see it's whole Course to the Sea, with the Island of Tybee, which forms the Mouth of the River, for about six Miles up into the Country. The Landskip is very agreeable, the stream being Wide and bordered with high Woods on both sides. (Oglethorpe 1733-2-10)

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Alliance built with the Indians The Trustees endeavored very early to secure the Friendship of the Indians, who by Ranging thro' the Woods, would be capable of giving constant Intelligence to prevent any Surprise upon the People, and would be a good out Guard for the inland Parts of the Province. For this purpose they were treated with all possible candor and gentleness: They were acquainted that the English had no Intention to Hurt or Distress them, but would be ready to Assist and Protect them on all Occasions. They received several Presents from the Trustees and were promised that if any of the People of Georgia injured them, they should upon their Complaints and proof of it find a ready Redress. For which, in return, the Indians engaged never to take any Revenge themselves, as it might breed ill Blood between the English and them. And as they have since found Justice has been always done to them upon proper Complaints, they have been true to their Engagements. The Indians made a formal and voluntary Cession of that part of the Country to Mr. Oglethorpe for the King of Great-Britain by which a further Right and Title to it was acquired and added to that of the first Discovery and Cultivation; and a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with them was settled, which was soon after sent over to the Trustees for their Ratification.

[From the new settlement at Yamacraw Bluff now known as Savannah, James Oglethorpe wrote the Trustees back in London: (source?)] From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Trustees received update from Oglethorpe On the 28th February 1733, the Trustees received a Letter from Mr. Oglethorpe, dated the 13th January, 1733, on Board the Ship Anne, of Charles-Town in South Carolina, giving an Account of his safe Arrival there with the People, with the Loss only of two Children. On the 18th of July, 1733, they received another Letter from him, which is here inserted at length, as it gives an Account of the situation where he Planted the People. From the Camp near Savannah, the 10th February, 1733. I gave you an account in my last of our arrival at Charles Town. The Governour and Assembly have given us all possible encouragement. Our people arrived at Beaufort on the 20th of January, where I lodged them in some new barracks built for the soldiers whilst I went myself to view the Savannah River. I fixed upon a healthy situation about ten miles from the sea. The river there forms a half moon, along the South side of which the banks are about 40 foot high and upon a top a flat which they call a bluff. The plain high ground extends into the country five or six miles and along the riverside about a mile. Ships that draw twelve foot water can ride within ten yards of the bank. Upon the riverside in the center of this plain, I have laid out the town. Over against it is an island [Hutchinson Island] of very rich land fit for pasturage, which I think should be kept for the Trustees’ cattle. The river is pretty wide, the water fresh. And from the quay of the town you see its whole course to the sea with the Island of Tybee, which forms the mouth of the river; and the other way you may see the river for about six miles up into the country. The landscape is very agreeable, the stream being wide and bordered with high woods on both sides. The whole people arrived on the first of February. At night their tents were got up. ‘Till the 7th we were taken up in unloading and making a crane, which I even then could not get finished so took off the hands and set some of the fortification and begun to fell the woods. I marked out the town and common. Half of the former is already cleared, and the first house was begun yesterday in the afternoon. Not being able to get Negroes, I have taken ten of the Independent Company to work for us, for which I make them an allowance… .Mr. Whitaker has given us one hundred of cattle. Colonel Bull, Mr. Barlow, Mr. Julian and Mr. Woodward are come up to assist us with some of their own servants. Our people are all alive, but ten are ill with the bloody flux, which I take to proceed from the cold and their not being accustomed to lie in tents. I am so taken up in looking after a hundred necessary things that I write now short but shall give you a more particular account hereafter. A little Indian Nation, the only one within fifty miles, is not only at amity but desire to be subject of the Trustees, to have land given them and to breed their children at our schools. Their chief [Tomochichi?] and his beloved man, who is the second man in the Nation, desire to be instructed in the Christian religion.”

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Oglethorpe update: the land and Indians are great here They received another Letter from Mr. Oglethorpe, dated the 20th February, 1733, of which the following Extract gives a further Account of the People and their Situation. “OUR People are all in perfect Health; I chose the Situation “for the Town upon a high Ground, forty Feet perpendicular above High Water Mark; the Soil dry and sandy, the Water of the River fresh, Spring's coming out from the sides of the Hill. I pitched upon this Place not only for the Pleasantness of the Situation, but because from the abovementioned and other signs, I thought it Healthy; for it is sheltered from the Western and Southern Winds (the worst in this Country) by vast Woods of Pine-Trees, many of which are a Hundred and few under Seventy Feet high. There 13 is no Morse [moss] on the Trees, tho' in most parts of Carolina they are covered with it, and it hangs down two or three feet from them. The last and fullest conviction of the Healthfulness of the Place was that an Indian Nation who knew the Nature of this Country chose it for their Situation.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Updates came in the mail from Oglethorpe On the 28th February 1733, the Trustees received a Letter from Mr. Oglethorpe, dated the 13th January, 1733, on Board the Ship Anne, of Charles-Town in South Carolina, giving an Account of his safe Arrival there with the People, with the Loss only of two Children. On the 18th of July, 1733, they received another Letter from him, which is here inserted at length, as it gives an Account of the situation where he Planted the People.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Carolinians reported on Savannah’s progress In the Carolina Gazette * dated the 22nd March 1733, a further Account was given of the Settlement at Savannah, which was Written by a Gentleman of Charles-Town, who with some others went thither out of Curiosity. * Appendix, No 2. APPENDIX 2: 1733-3-22 EXTRACT OF A LETTER PRINTED IN THE SOUTH-CAROLINA GAZETTE [From above: In the Carolina Gazette * dated the 22d March 1733, a further Account was given of the Settlement at Savannah, which was Written by a Gentleman of Charles-Town, who with some others went thither out of Curiosity. Extract of a Letter from South-Carolina Gazette dated at Charles-Town, 22 d. March 1733. ON Tuesday the 13th Instant I went on Board a Canoa in Company with Mr. Geo. Ducat and Mr. John Balantine, with Four Negroes, and about 10 o'Clock we set out from Mr. Lloyd's Bridge for Georgia, and passing by Port-Royal on Wednesday Night, we arrived on Friday Morning an Hour before Day at Yamacraw a Place so called by the Indians, but now Savannah in the Colony of Georgia. Sometime before we came to the Landing the Centinel challenged us, and understanding who we were, admitted us on Shore. This is a very high Bluff Forty Feet perpendicular from High Water Mark: it lies according to Capt. Gascoigne's Observation in the Latitude of 31d. 58m. which he took off Tybee an Island that lies at the Mouth of the Savannah River. It is distant from Charlestown S. W. according to Course and Windings of the Rivers and Creeks about 140 Miles, but by a Direct Course, allowing Suillivant's Island to be in the Latitude of 32d. 47m. from Augustine N. E. and by E. about 140 Miles, and by the Course of the Rivers is distant from Fort Moore 300 Miles, but upon a direct Line but 115 Miles N. W. and by W. This Bluff is distant 10 Miles from the Mouth of the Rivers on the South side, and Purrysburgh is 24 Miles above it on the North, and is so situated that you have a beautiful Prospect both up and down the River. It is very sandy and barren and consequently a wholsome Place for a Town or City. There are on it 130 odd Souls, and from the Time they Embarked from London to the Time I left the Place, there Died but two sucking Children and them at Sea. When they arrived there was standing on it a great quantity of the best sort of Pine, most of which is already cut down on the spot were the Town is laid out to be Built. The Land is barren about a Mile back, when you come into very rich Ground; and on both sides within a quarter of a Mile of the Town is choice good Planting Land. 37 Col. Bull told me that he had been Seven Miles back and found it extraordinary good. Mr. Oglethorpe is indefatigable, takes a great deal of Pains, his Fare is but indifferent having little else at present but Salt Provisions. He is extreamly well beloved by all his People, the general Title they give him is Father. If any of them is Sick he immediately Visits them and takes a great deal of Care of them. If any Difference arises he is the Person that decides it. Two happened while I was there and in my Presence, and all the Parties went away to outward appearance Satisfied and Contented with his Determination. He keeps a strict Discipline, I never saw one of his People Drunk nor heard one of them Swear, all the Time I was there: He does not allow them Rum but in lieu gives them English Beer: It is surprizing to see how Chearful the Men go to Work considering they have not been bred to it; There are no Idlers there even the Boys and Girls do their Parts. There are Four Houses already up but none finished, and he hopes when he has got more Sawyers, which I suppose he will have in a short Time, to finish Two Houses a Week. He has ploughed up some Land, part of which he has sowed with Wheat, which is come up and looks promising. He has Two or Three Gardens which he has sowed with divers sorts of Seeds, and planted Thyme and other sort of Pot-herbs, Sage, Leeks, Skellions, Celeri, Liquorice, &c. and several sorts of Trees. He was Pallisading the Town round including some part of the Common, which I do suppose may be finished in about a Fortnight's Time, In short he has done a vast deal of Work for the Time, and I think his Name justly deserves to be immortaliz'd. Mr. Oglethorpe has with him Sir Walter Rawleigh's written Journal, and by the Latitude of the Place, the Marks and Traditions of the Indians, it is the very first Place where he first went on shore, and talked with the Indians, and was the first Englishman they ever saw; and about half a Mile from Savannah is a high Mount of Earth under which lies their Chief King: And the Indians informed Mr. Oglethorpe that their King desired before he died, that he might be Buried on the Spot where he talked with that great good Man. The River Water is very good, and Mr. Oglethorpe has proved it several ways, and thinks it as good as the River of Thames. On Monday the 19th we took our Leave of Mr. Oglethorpe at Nine o'Clock in the Morning, and Embark'd for Charlestown; and when we set off he was pleased to Honor us with a Volley of Small Arms and the Discharge of Five Cannon: And coming down the Rivers we found the Water perfectly Fresh Six Miles below the Town, and saw Six or Seven large Sturgeon leap, with which Fish that River abounds, as also with Trout, Perch, Cat 38 and Rock Fish, &c. and in the Winter Season there is variety of Wild Fowl, especially Turkeys, some of them weighing Thirty Pounds, and abundance of Deer.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Trustees sent 17 Italian silk experts to Georgia In this Month of April, the Trustees in another Embarkation of seventeen Persons, sent some Italians whom they had procured from Piedmont in order to promote the Silk Business.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] In the Month of May 1733, the Trustees sent over six Persons more.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Head count of settlers sent from England this year The Number of People sent on the Charity from the beginning to the 9th June 1733, (on which day of the Month the Trustees Accompt is Yearly made up, which is directed to be delivered to the Lord Chancellor and the other Persons named in the Charter) amounted to 152, of whom 141 were Britons and 11 were foreign Protestants, and 61 were Men. Lands granted this year The Lands granted in Trust this Year in order to be granted out in smaller Portions in Georgia, were the aforesaid five thousand Acres. The Lands granted within this Year to Persons going at their own Expense, were four thousand four hundred and sixty Acres. Donations received this year The Money received from Private Persons this Year amounted to 3723 l. 13 s. 7 d. whereof the Trustees applied 2254 l. 17 s. 9 d. of which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, pursuant to their Charter, and carried the Remainder into their succeeding Accompt.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1733, to the 9th June 1734. Head count of settlers sent from England in 1732, 1733,1734 15 Number sent. British Foreign Protestants. Men. The Persons sent on the Charity this Year were 341 whereof 237 and 104 and in 135 Those in the former Year were 152 whereof 141 and 11 and in 61 The number of Persons sent in the two Years to the 9 June 1734 were 493 whereof 378 and 115 and in 196 Land grants this year The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Granted out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Eight Thousand and One Hundred Acres. The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going at their own Expense were Five Thousand Seven Hundred and Twenty five Acres. Donations received this year The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament was £.10,000 and from private Persons 1502 l. 19 s. 3 d. whereof the Trustees applied 6863 l. 0 s. 10 d. of which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their Charter, and carried the Remainder into their succeeding Accompt.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1733, to the 9th June 1734. Public structures built Besides the several Works on which the People were employed at Savannah, as Pallisading the Town, Clearing the Place from Pine Trees, &c. and Building of Houses, some other Works were carried on, viz. a Public Garden was laid out, which was designed as a Nursery, in order to supply the People for their several Plantations with white Mulberry Trees, Vines, Oranges, Olives, and other necessary Plants. A Gardiner was appointed for the Care of it and to be Paid by the Trustees. A Crane was made for Landing of Goods upon the Bluff; a Battery raised which Commands the River some distance below the Town, and on the Island of Tybee at the Entrance of the River a Beacon [lighthouse] was Erected Ninety Feet high, which has been of great Service not only to the Ships entering the River Savannah, but to those likewise which Sail by the Coast, there being none like it all along the Coast of America. A Fort was likewise Built at the narrow passages of an inland River (called Ogeechee) in order to Protect the Settlement from any inland Invasion from Augustine. Two little Villages were laid out and settled at about Four Miles distant from Savannah, inland from the River, and a Mile from each other, which were called Hampstead and Highgate.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Updates came in the mail from Oglethorpe On the 28th February 1733, the Trustees received a Letter from Mr. Oglethorpe, dated the 13th January, 1733, on Board the Ship Anne, of Charles-Town in South Carolina, giving an Account of his safe Arrival there with the People, with the Loss only of two Children. On the 18th of July, 1733, they received another Letter from him, which is here inserted at length, as it gives an Account of the situation where he Planted the People.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Two more ships of settlers were sent, including the Saltzburghers The Parliament having Granted out of Money arisen from the Sale of the Lands at St. Christopher, Ten Thousand Pounds for the further Settling and Securing the Colony, the Trustees resolved to lose no Time in Strengthening it with People, and accordingly in the Months of September and October 1733, they sent over two Embarkations of Persons, whose Numbers are entered at the End of this Year’s Proceedings, and of whom many were Persecuted Protestants from Saltzburgh.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] And as the Military Strength of the Province was particularly to be taken care of, it seemed necessary to Establish such Tenures of Lands as might most effectually preserve the Number of Planters, or Soldiers, equal to the Number of Lots of Lands, and therefore each Lot of Land was to be considered as a Military Fief, and to contain so much in Quantity as would Support such Planter and his Family; and Fifty Acres were judged sufficient and not too much for that Purpose, and Provision was made to prevent an Accumulation of several Lots into one Hand, lest the Garrison should be lessened, and likewise to prevent a Division of those Lots into smaller Parcels, lest that which was no more than Sufficient for one Planter, when entire, should if divided amongst several, be too scanty for their Subsistence. And in the Infancy of the Colony, the Lands were Granted in Tail Male, preferable to any other Tenure, as the most likely to answer these Purposes; for if the Grants were to be made in Tail General, it was thought that the Strength of each Township would soon be diminished, in as much as every Female Heir in Tail, who was unmarried, would have been entitled to one Lot, and consequently have taken frown the Garrison the Portion of one Soldier; and by Intermarriages several Lots might have been united into one; and if such Tenant in Tail General had had several Daughters, his Lot must have been Divided equally amongst them all as Co-partners. Nor were these the only inconveniencies which were thought likely to arise from Estates in Tail General: For Women being equally incapable to Act as Soldiers or serve on Juries, these Duties, and many others, such as Watchings and Wardings, &c. would return so much oftener to each Man, in proportion as the Number of the Men in the Township was lessened, and by that means become very burthensome to the Remaining Male Lot holders, and in case of any Attack from the Indians, French or Spaniards, the Township would be less able to make a Defense. And as it was not thought proper to Grant Estates in Tail General, it appeared to be more inconvenient to Grant them in Fee Simple; which Estate would have been attended with all the Objections before mentioned incident to Estates in Tail General, and to several other besides; for the Right of Alienation being inseparable from an Estate in Fee, the Grantee might have Sold, Mortgaged, or Aliened his Lands to whomever he thought fit, which was a Power not to be entrusted with the People sent over, for the following Reasons: 1. Their Condition. 2. The Purposes they were sent for. 3. The Persons to whom Lands might be Alienated. And, 4. That it might allow a Monopoly of Land contrary to the Intent of the Charter.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 Trustees sent beer and wine to discourage rum use, and wrote an Act to prohibit smuggling The Trustees receiving frequent reports from the Colony of the pernicious Effects of Drinking Rum and other Spirituous Liquors, by not only creating Disorders amongst the Indians (who had been plentifully supplied with it by the Traders) but also Destroying many of the English, and throwing the People into various Distempers, prepared an Act, entitled, An Act to prevent the Importation and Use of Rum and Brandies in the Province of Georgia, or any kind of Spirits or Strong Waters Whatsoever. At the same time, they endeavored to supply the Stores with Strong Beer from England, Molasses for Brewing Beer, and with Madeira Wines, which the People might purchase at reasonable Rates, and which would be more refreshing and wholesome for them. The Magistrates of the Town of Savannah were likewise empowered to grant Licenses to private Persons for Retailing Beer, Ale, &c. And the Trustees have great Reason to believe that the remarkable Healthiness of Ebenezer in the Northern Part, and Frederica in the Southern Part of Georgia, is very much owing to the Prohibition of the Use of Rum: For in those Part where Rum in defiance of the Act has been introduced, the People have not in general been so Healthy and Vigorous.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 Trustees wrote an Act to prohibit Negro slave use At the same Time the Trustees taking into Consideration the many Inconveniencies which would attend the Introduction of Negroes in a Frontier, for the several Reasons before specified, prepared an Act for rendering the Colony of Georgia more Defensible by prohibiting the Importation and Use of Black Slaves or Negroes into the same.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 Head count of settlers Number sent. British Foreign Protestants Men The Persons sent on the Charity this Year were 81 whereof 23 and 58 and in 43 Those in the former Years were 493 whereof 378 and 115 and in 196 The number of Persons sent in the three Years to the 9 June 1735 were 574 whereof 401 and 173 and in 239 Account of land grants and donations The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Granted out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Two Thousand Five Hundred Acres. The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going at their own Expense were One Thousand Nine Hundred Acres. The Money received this Year in donations amounted to 5416 l. 7 s. 7 d. whereof given in South-Carolina 464 l. 18 s. 2 d. the Amount in Sterling Money and in England 4951 l. 9s. 5 d. which the Trustees applied, as also part of their former Balance to the Amount of 11,194 l. 9 s. 2 d. of which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their Charter, and carried the then Remainder into their succeeding Account.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 Two more ships of Saltzburghers came and their town is thriving Two Embarkations were made this Year, whose Numbers are hereafter mentioned, which consisted chiefly of Saltzburghers, who with the Saltzburghers that went before, were settled in a Town called by them Ebenezer upon the River Savannah, at some distance above the Town, and by the Sobriety and Industry of the People they prove a very thriving Settlement.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 Indians came to England with Oglethorpe and requested formal trade standards IN the Month of June 1734, Mr. Oglethorpe arrived from the Colony, and with him came some of the principal Indians of the Lower Creek Nation who live nearest to Savannah. When these Indians were in England, they desired of the Trustees that the Measures, Prices and Qualities of all Goods to be Purchased by them with their Deer-skins, might be settled, as likewise the Weights; that nobody might be allowed to Trade with the Indians in Georgia without a License from the Trustees, in order that if they were in any respect Injured or Defrauded by the Traders, they might know where to Complain; and they further desired there might be but one Storehouse in each Indian Town for supplying them with the Goods they might want to Purchase, from whence the Trader should be obliged to supply them at the first Prices. The Indians said lack of standards has caused bad trade and animosity in the past The Reason which the Indians gave for this Application, was, because the Traders with them had often in an Arbitrary Manner raised the Prices of Goods, and defrauded them in the Weights and Measures, and by their Impositions had often created Animosities between the English and Indians, which had frequently ended in Wars between them prejudicial to both. The Trustees duplicated South Carolina’s Indian trade act The Trustees having considered of their Request, and being 16 informed that the Council and Assembly of Carolina had passed an Act the 20th August 1731, entitled, An Act for the better Regulation of the Indian Trade, and for appointing a Commissioner for that purpose with Regulations, which the Trustees hoped might be effectual in Georgia, prepared an Act, entitled, An Act for Maintaining the Peace with the Indians in the Province of Georgia, with the same Regulations and provisions as were in the Carolina Act; which Act ceased to be in Force in Georgia since it was erected into a Distinct Independent Province not subject to the Laws of Carolina.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 That all Persons who should be desirous of going to Georgia might be apprized in Time of the several Conditions they were to Perform,* Rules were drawn up and Printed for those who should be sent on the Charity, as well as those who should go on their own Expense, in which the Conditions were specified as well as the Necessaries for their Subsistence and Labor.] * Appendix, No 3, and 4. APPENDIX 3: 1735? TRUSTEES’ RULES FOR GOING TO GEORGIA Rules for the Year 1735. The Trustees intend this Year to lay out a County and Build a new Town in Georgia. They will give to such Persons as they send upon the Charity: To every Man, A Watchcoat, A Musquet and Bayonet to those who have them not of their own, An Hatchet, An Hammer, An Hand-saw A Shod Shovel or Spade, A broad Hoe, A narrow Hoe, A Gimlet, A Drawing Knife, And there will be a Public Grindstone to each Ward or Village. He will also have an Iron Pot and a pair of Pot-hooks, And a Frying Pan. And for his Maintenance in the Colony for one Year he will have, To be delivered in such proportions and at such times as the Trust shall think proper. 300 Pounds of Beef or Pork, 114 Pounds of Rice, 114 Pounds of Pease, 114 Pounds of Flour, 44 Gallons of Strong Beer, 64 Quarts of Molasses for Brewing Beer, 18 Pounds of Cheese, 9 Pounds of Butter, 9 Ounces of Spice, 9 Pounds of Sugar, 5 Gallons of Vinegar, 30 Pounds of Salt, 12 Quarts of Lamp Oil & a Pound of spun Cotton, And 12 Pounds of Soap. And to the Mothers, Wives, Sisters or Children of such Men, Provision will be given in the Colony for One Year in the following manner: To each Head of them, that is to say to every Person of the Age of Twelve Years and upwards, viz. To be delivered as above. 300 Pounds of Beef or Pork, 114 Pounds of Rice, 114 Pounds of Pease, 114 Pounds of Flour, 64 Quarts of Molasses for Brewing Beer, 18 Pounds of Cheese, 9 Pounds of Butter, 9 Ounces of Spice, 9 Pounds of Sugar, 9 Gallons of Vinegar, 30 Pounds of Salt, 6 Quarts of Lamp Oil and half a Pound of spun Cotton, And 12 Pounds of Soap. And for every Person above the Age of Seven, and under the Age of Twelve, Half the said Allowance, being esteemed Half an Head. And for every Person above the Age of Two and under the Age of Seven, one Third of the said Allowance, being esteemed one Third of an Head. The Trustees pay their Passage from England to Georgia, and in the Voyage they will have the following Provisions: In every Week, Four Beef Days, Two Pork Days, and one Fish Day, and their Allowance served out daily as follows: On the Four Beef Days, Four Pounds of Beef for every Mess of Five Heads, And Two Pounds and an half of Flour, And half a Pound of Suet or Plumbs. On the Two Pork Days, for every Five Heads. Five Pounds of Pork And Two Pints and half of Pease And on the Fish Day, for every Five Heads. Two Pounds and half of Fish And half a Pound of Butter The whole at Sixteen Ounces to the Pound, And allow each Head Seven Pounds of Broad of Fourteen Ounces to the Pound, by the Week. And Three Pints of Beer and Two Quarts of Water (whereof one of the Quarts for Drinking and the other for Boiling Victuals) each Head by the Day for the space of a Month; and a Gallon of Water (whereof Two Quarts for Drinking and the other Two 40 for Boiling Victuals) each Head by the Day after during their being on the Passage. The Heads to be accounted in this manner: Every Person above the Age of Twelve Years to be accounted a whole Head. All Persons of the Age of Seven Years and under the Age of Twelve Years to be accounted Two for One. All Persons above the Age of Two Years and under the Age of Seven Years to be accounted Three for One; and any Person under the Age of Two Years is not to be accounted. And the said Persons are to enter into the following Covenants before their Embarkation: 1. That they will repair on Board such Ship as shall be provided for Carrying them to the Province of Georgia, and 2. during the Voyage, will Quietly, Soberly and Obediently demean themselves, and go to such Place in the said Province of Georgia, and there 3. obey all such Orders as shall be given for the better Settling, Establishing and Governing the said Colony. 4. And that for the first Twelve Months from their Landing in the said Province of Georgia, they will Work and Labor in Clearing their Lands, making Habitations, and necessary Defenses, and in all other Works for the common Good and public Weal of the said Colony, at such Times, in such Manner, and according to such Plan and Directions as shall be given. 5. And that they from and after the Expiration of the said last mentioned Twelve Months, will, during the Two next succeeding Years, abide, settle and inhabit in the said Province of Georgia, and Cultivate the Lands which shall be to them and their Heirs Male severally allotted and given, by all such Ways and Means as according to their several Abilities and Skills they shall be best Able and Capable. 6. And such Persons are to be settled in the said Colony, either in new Towns or new Villages. 7. Those in the Towns will have each of them a Lot Sixty Feet in Front and Ninety Feet in Depth, whereon they are to Build an House, and as much Land in the Country as in the whole will make up Fifty Acres. 8. Those in the Villages will each of them have a Lot of Fifty Acres, which is to lie all together, and they are to Build their Houses upon it. 9. All Lots are Granted in Tail Male and Descend to the Heirs Male of their Bodies forever: a. And in Case of Failure of Issue Male Revert to the Trust, to be Granted again to such Persons as the Common Council of the said Trustees shall think most for the Advantage of the Colony. b. And they will have a special regard to the Daughters of Freeholders, who have made Improvements on their Lots, not already provided for by having Married, or Marrying Persons in Possession or entitled to Lands in the Province of Georgia in Possession or Remainder. 10. All Lots are to be preserved separate and undivided, and cannot be united, in order to keep up a Number of Men equal to the Number of Lots, for the better Defense and Support of the Colony. 11. No Person can Lease out his House or Lot to another without License for that Purpose, that the Colony may not be ruined by Absentees Receiving and Spending their Rents elsewhere, therefore each Man must cultivate the same by himself or Servants. 12. And no Person can Alienate his Land or any part, or any Term, Estate or Interest therein, to any other Person or Persons, without special License for that Purpose, to prevent the uniting or dividing the Lots. 13. If any of the Land so Granted, should not be Cultivated, Planted, Cleared, Improved or Fenced with a Worm Fence or Pales six Feet High, during the space of Ten Years from the Date of the Grant, then every part thereof not Cultivated, Planted Cleared, Improved or Fenced as aforesaid, shall belong to the Trust, and the Grant as to such parts shall be void. 14. There is reserved for the support of the Colony, a Rent Charge for ever, of Two Shillings Sterling Money for each Fifty Acres; the Payment of which is not to Commence 'till Ten Years after the Grant. 15. And the Reversion or Remainder expectant on the Demise of such Persons without Issue Male, shall remain to the Trust. 16. But the Wives of the Freeholders in case they should Survive their Husbands, are during their Lives entitled to the Mansion House and one half of the Lands Improved by their Husbands, that is to say, inclosed with a Fence of Six Feet High. 17. All Forfeitures for Non-Residence, High Treason, Felonies, &c. are to the Trustees for the Use of the Colony. 18. Negroes and Rum are Prohibited to be used in the said Colony, and Trade with the Indians, unless Licensed. 19. None are to have the Benefit of being sent upon the Charity in the manner abovementioned, but: a. Such as are in Decayed Circumstances, and thereby disabled from following any Business in England, and who if in Debt, must have leave from their Creditors to go. b. Such as have Numerous Families of Children if Assisted by their respective Parishes, and Recommended by the Minister, Church-Wardens and Overseers thereof. 20. The Trustees do expect to have a good Character of the said Persons given, because no Drunkards or other notoriously vicious Persons will be taken. 21. And for the better to Enable the said Persons to Build the new Town, and Clear the Lands the Trustees will give leave to every 42 Freeholder, to take over with him, One Male Servant or Apprentice of the Age of Eighteen Years and upwards to be Bound for no less than Four Years, and will by way of Loan to such Freeholder, Advance the Charges of Passage for such Servant or Apprentice, and Furnishing him with the Clothing and Provision hereafter mentioned, to be delivered in such proportions, and at such Times, as the Trust shall think proper: a. for Clothing i. A Pallias and Bolsterand Blanket for Bedding, ii. A Frock and Trowsers of Lintsey-Woolsey, iii. A Shirt and Frock and Trowsers of Oznabrigs, iv. A pair of Shoes from England, v. And two pair of Country Shoes. b. for Food for a Year i. And 200 Pounds of Meat, ii. And 342 Pounds of Rice, Pease, or Indian Corn, 22. The Expense of which Passage, Clothing and Provisions, is to be Re-paid the Trustees by the Master, within the Third Year from their Embarkation from England. 23. And to each Man Servant and the Heirs Male of his Body forever, after the Expiration of his Service, upon a Certificate from his Master of his having Served well, will be granted Twenty Acres of Land, under such Rents and Agreements, as shall have been then last Granted to any other Man Servant in like Circumstances. Sign'd by Order of the Common Council of the said Trustees, for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America, this Second Day of July, 1742. Benj. Martyn, Secretary

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1735, to the 9th June 1736. Separate rules for charity settlers vs. self-funded settlers That all Persons who should be desirous of going to Georgia might be apprized in Time of the several Conditions they were to Perform,* Rules were drawn up and Printed for those who should be sent on the Charity, as well as those who should go on their own Expense, in which the Conditions were specified as well as the Necessaries for their Subsistence and Labor. * Appendix, No 3, and 4. APPENDIX 4: 1735? TRUSTEES’ RULES FOR GOING TO GEORGIA TO such Persons who can carry Ten men Servants, and settle with them in Georgia, at their own Expense, and whose Characters the Trustees, upon Enquiry, shall approve of, 1. will be granted Five Hundred Acres of land in Tail Male, and descend to the Heirs Male of their Bodies for ever, under the Yearly Rents of Twenty Shillings Sterling Money for every Hundred Acres, for the Support of the Colony, the Payment of which is not to commence until Ten Years after the Grant. 2. And the Land is so granted upon the following Conditions and Convenants, That such Persons do pay the Rent reserved as the same shall become due, and no Part to be unpaid for six Months after due. 3. That they within a Month of the Grant shall register the same, or a Memorial thereof with the Auditor of the Plantations. 4. That they within Twelve Months from the Grant, shall go to and arrive in Georgia, with Ten able Bodied Men Servants being each of the Age of Twenty Years and upwards. 5. That they shall abide in Georgia with such Men Servants Three Years from the Registering the Grant there, Building their Houses and Cultivating their Lands. 6. That they shall Clear and Cultivate within Ten Years from the Grant Two Hundred Acres of Land, part of the said Five Hundred Acres, and Plant Two Thousand white Mulberry-Trees or Plants thereupon, and on every Hundred of the other Three Hundred Acres, One Thousand White Mulberry-Trees or Plants when Cleared, and preserve the same Quantity from time to time there-upon, the Trustees obliging themselves to furnish the Plants. 7. That they do not Alienate the said Five Hundred Acres of Land or any part thereof for any Term of Years, or any Estate or Interest in the same, to any Person or Persons without special Leave. 8. That they do not make Pot-ash in Partnership without Leave, but may make it themselves not in Partnership. 9. On the Determination of the Estate in Tail Male the Land to Revert to the Trust. 10. That they shall not depart the said Province without License. 11. All Forfeitures for Non-Residence, High Treason, Felonies &c. are to the Trustees for the Use and Benefit of the Colony. 12. If any part of the said Five Hundred Acres of Land shall not be Cultivated, Planted, Cleared and Fenced round about with Worm-Fence or Pales Six Feet high, within Eighteen Years from the Grant, all and every such part shall Revert to the Trust, and the Grant as to such Part be void. 13. And the Common Council of the Trust at the Expirations of the Terms such Men Servants shall be severally bound for, (being none less than Four Years) when requested by the Grantee, will Grant to each of such Men Servants Twenty Acres of land in Tail Male, under such Rents, Conditions, Limitations and Agreements, as shall have been then last Granted to any Others Men Servants in like Circumstance. 14. When the Land Reverts to the Trust on the Determination of the Estate in Tail Male, it is to be Granted again to such Person as the Common Council of the Trust shall think most for the Advantage of the Colony, and the Trust will have a special Regard to the Daughters of such who have made improvements on their Lots, not already provided for by having Married or Marrying Persons in Possession or entitled to Lands in the Province of Georgia in Possession or Remainder. 15. And the Wives of such Persons in case they should survive their Husbands, are, during their Lives, entitled to the Mansion House and one half of the Lands Improved by their Husbands, that is to say, enclosed with a Fence Six Feet high. 16. Negroes and Rum are Prohibited to be used in the said Province, and Trade with the Indians unless Licensed.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1735, to the 9th June 1736. Parliament granted more money to strengthen SC and GA as masters of the trade routes The Parliament having in the Year 1735 Granted Twenty six Thousand Pounds for the further Settling and Securing the Colony of Georgia, the Trustees thought it prudent to strengthen the Southern Part of the Province by making a Settlement on the Alatamaha River, to which they were strongly induced by a * Memorial sent to his Majesty from the Governor and Council of South-Carolina, dated the 9th April 1734, wherein after Thanking his Majesty for his peculiar Favor and Protection, and especially for his most benign Care so wisely calculated for the Preservation of South-Carolina, by his Royal Charter to the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia, and after Representing the Practices of the French to seduce the Indians in Amity with South-Carolina, the Attention of the French to the Improvement of their Settlements, and their late Enlargement of them nearer to Carolina, the Defenseless Condition of their Province, and the Danger of the Inhabitants from their own Negroes, and the Ruinous Situation of the West-India Trade in case the French should possess themselves of Carolina; they add, that the Harbours and Ports of Carolina and † Georgia enable his Majesty to be absolute Master of the Passage thro' the Gulph of Florida, and to impede at his Pleasure the Transportation Home of the Spanish Treasure, which should his Majesty's Enemies Possess would then prove so many convenient Harbours for them to annoy a great Part of the British Trade to America, as well as that which is carried on through the Gulph from Jamaica. * Appendix, No 5. † The Harbour in the Southern Part of Georgia the nearest to the Gulf of Florida which has yet been Sounded, has been proved by Affidavits of three Captains of Ships who have been there, viz. Capt. Thomas Shubrick, Capt. George Dymond, and Capt. William Thomson, to be capable of receiving Ships of 40 guns, and to be safely Land locked: And by the ‡ Affidavit of Thomas Pearce Mariner, who was on the Coast of Georgia near four Years, it appears, that Ships in this Harbour may in Twenty four Hours from the Bar, run out into the Gulf Stream of Florida, thro' which Stream the Spanish Galleons (when not passing the Windward Passage) always come. ‡ Appendix, No 6.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] APPENDIX 6: AFFIDAVIT OF Thomas PEARCE Thomas Pearce, aged Forty Years and upwards, of the Dover Man of War, Mariner, having been at Georgia in America on board the Peter and James, Captain George Dymond, in the Year 1735; and, from that Ship, on board the Hawk Sloop, Stationed at Georgia until the Beginning of the 1739, and having Sounded every Inlet from the Sea all along the Coast of Georgia, from Jekyll Sound to Tybee Sound, do solemnly swear: 1. That the said Coast Four Leagues from the Land is all even Ground, not less than Seven or Eight Fathom Water, and any Ship keeping in that Depth of Water may Steer along it with the greatest Safety and Anchor if they have occasion. 2. That on the Bar at Jekyll there is at least 13.5 feet at low Water, and at High Spring Tides 24 feet; and on the Bar at Tybee there is at least 16.5 feet at low Water, and at High Water Spring Tides 25.5 feet; and the Difference between the Spring and Niep Tides is generally between Three and Four Feet. 3. That he is well assured and would undertake by Sounding with a Boat, even at Niep Tides, to carry in 40-Gun Ships over either of the said Bars; 4. That he has seen in the Sound at St. Simon’s, from Jekyll Bar, Ten Sail of Ships at one Time, and that Ten or Twelve 40-gun ships may safely ride there; but behind Jekyll Island there is Water and Room enough for Shipping for Ten Miles up; and that the Sound at Tybee is large enough to hold with Safety Seven or Eight 40-gun ships. 5. That Ships in Jekyll Sound may in 24-hours from the Bar run out into the Gulf-Stream of Florida, through which Stream the Spanish Galleons (when not passing the Winward Passage) always come. Thomas Pearce.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1735, to the 9th June 1736. Trustees decided to strengthen southern Georgia by sending higher quality settlers Upon which Inducements the Trustees resolved to make Embarkations for Strengthening the Southern Part of Georgia, and to obviate any Objections which might be made by sending over any of our useful Poor from England; and as the Trustees found that many of the Poor who had been useless in England were inclined to be useless likewise in Georgia, they determined that these Embarkations should consist chiefly of Persons from the Highlands of Scotland, and Persecuted German Protestants. While these Embarkations were preparing, the Trustees made Preparations for the new Settlements: They Established the Civil Government for the new Town (which was called Frederica) in the same Manner as they had before at Savannah.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 The king ratified the three acts (Indian trade, rum, negro) These Three Acts were laid before the King in Council in the Month of January 1734 (35?), and after a Report from the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations to the Committee of Council, that they were proper to receive his Majesty's Royal Approbation, they were Ratified by his Majesty in Council.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9h June 1735, to the 9th June 1736. Scottish Highlanders establish Darien and then rename it New Inverness In the Month of January 1735, the Highlanders arrived in Georgia (and with them several of the same Country as Servants to private Grantees) they were settled on the Alatamaha River, about Sixteen Miles distant by Water from the Island of St. Simons (which is at the Mouth of the River) they soon raised convenient Huts 'till their Houses could be Built; and the Town at their own desire was called Darien; which Name still remains to the District, but the Town is since Named by them New-Inverness.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 Trustees paid a dead settler’s daughter in England the value of his land improvement in Georgia Tho' the Lands Granted by the Trustees were to Revert to them on failure of Issue Male, in order to be re-granted for keeping up a number of Men; yet the Trustees as Guardians of the People when any such Failure happened, resolved that the value 17 of the Improvements upon the Lands of the late Occupiers, should be Valued and Paid to or for the Benefit of the Female Issue or near Relation, and the first Issue of such a Failure being on the Death of Mr. De Farren, the Value of the Improvements he had made upon his Estate was on the 5th Febr. 1734 (35?) Ordered and Paid for the Use of his Daughter in England, who being destitute would have been absolutely unable to proceed in the Cultivation of her Father's Lot.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1735, to the 9th June 1736. The other ship of settlers with Oglethorpe established Frederica on St. Simon’s Island On the 6th February 1735, the Embarkation under the Conduct of Mr. Oglethorpe arrived in Georgia, they were settled upon St. Simon's Island, the Town called Frederica was soon laid out, and the People were set to Work in Building their Houses. The Creek Indians who went thither upon Occasion of this new Settlement agreed that the English should possess St. Simon's Island, with the Others contiguous to it: The Land of the Island is very fertile, chiefly Oak and Hickory, intermixed with Savannahs and old Indian Fields, and according to a Survey made of it, it is about 45 Miles in Circumference. For a Communication between the Settlements in the Northern and Southern Parts of the 54

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1735, to the 9th June 1736. Head count of settlers sent this year Number sent. British. Foreign Protestants Men. The Persons sent on the Charity this Year were 470 whereof 341 and 129 and in 224 Those in the former Years were 574 whereof 401 and 173 5742 and 302 and in 463 Lands granted this year The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Granted out in smaller Portions were Twenty Thousand Acres; And in Trust for Religious Uses, to be cultivated, with the Money arising from Private Benefactions given for that Purpose, in order to settle a Provision upon a Clergyman at Savannah, a Catechist and a Schoolmaster, Three Hundred Acres. The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going on their own Expense were Nine Thousand Three Hundred Acres. Donations received this year The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament, was £26,000, and in Benefactions 2,164 l. 19 s. 6 d. 3 q. whereof in South-Carolina 411 l. 1 s. 1 d. 3 q. the Amount in Sterling Money D 20 and in England 1,753 l. 18 s. 5 d. whereof the Trustees aplied 22,697 l. 5 s. 5 d. 3 q. of which they exhibited an account to the Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their Charter, and carried the Remainder into their succeeding Accompt.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1736, to the 9th June 1737. Head count of people sent this year Number sent. British. Foreign Protestants. Men. The Persons sent on the Charity this Year were 32 whereof 32 and and in 19 Those in the former Years were 1044 whereof 742 and 302 and in 463 The number of Persons sent in the five Years to the 9 June 1737 were 1076 whereof 774 and 302 and in 482 Lands granted this year The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Granted out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Three Thousand Acres, 22 and in Trust to be cultivated, with the Money arising from private Benefactions given for that Purpose, in order to raise a Maintenance for a Minister and Schoolmaster at Frederica, and other Religious Uses, Three Hundred Acres. The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going on their own Expense were Four Thousand Three Hundred Acres. Donations received this year The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament, was £ 10,000, and in Benefactions 3,627 l. 18 s. 7 d. whereof in South-Carolina the Amount in Sterling Money 333 l. 19 s. 6 d. and in England 3,293 l. 19 s. 1 d. which the Trustees applied, as also part of their former Balance to the Sum of 17,239 l. 19 s. 5 d. of which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their Charter, and carried the then Remainder to their succeeding Accompt.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1736, to the 9th June 1737. Finances ran short and the Trustees sent very few settlers Whilst these Dispositions were making for the Security of the Province, the Parliament gave Ten Thousand Pounds this Year for the further Settling and Securing the Colony; but as the Expenses of the Forts and the Supplies which were sent for the Support of the Colony, were very great, and as many People in the Northern Part of the Province were as yet unable to subsist themselves, and out of Compassion to them and their Families a Store was still kept open for their subsistence, the Trustees sent over but few Persons this Year.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1736, to the 9th June 1737. Northern Georgia was secured by Augusta As these Precautions were taken for the Southern Part of the Province, Directions were given for a Fort to be Built for the Security of the Northern Part, by way of an Out-Guard against any Invasion by Land. This was at a Place called Augusta which has proved a very thriving Town, it being now the chief Place of Trade with the Indians, and were the Traders of both Provinces of South-Carolina and Georgia resort, from the Security they find there. Augusta is a haven for traders Augusta is about Two Hundred and Thirty Miles by Water from the Town of Savannah, and large Boats which carry about Nine Thousand Pounds Weight of Deer-skins can Navigate down the River Savannah. The Town, which stands upon a high Ground near the River, is well Inhabited, and has several Warehouses in it furnished with Goods for the Indian Trade. A Road has been likewise made, so that Horsemen can now Ride from this Town to Savannah, as likewise to the 21 Cherokee Indians, who are situated above the Town of Augusta and Trade with it. A Garrison has been kept at this Fort at the Trustees Expense, 'till the Arrival of the Regiment his Majesty since Ordered for the Defense of the Colony.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1736, to the 9th June 1737. Defensive structures built For the Security of the People (who were settled the last Year on St. Simon's Island) and the Southern Part of the Province, several Forts were Built this Year, viz. One at Frederica, with Four regular Bastions and a Spur Work towards the River, and several Pieces of Cannon were mounted on it. About Ten Miles from Frederica a large Battery is Built commanding the Entrance into the Sound, where Ten or Twelve Forty Gun Ships may safely Ride, there being sufficient Water on the Bar called Jekyll for such Ships to go over, which Bar lies in 30d. 40m. and behind Jekyll Island there is Water and Room enough for Shipping for Ten Miles up. The Battery is enclosed within a strong Wall, and has a Guard-House within the Wall capable of holding Twenty four Men. Another Fort was Built on the Southwest Part of the Island of St. Peters (now called Cumberland) which lies in 30d. 30m. under which Fort, on which are Mounted several Pieces of Ordnance pointed towards the River, all Sloops and Boats in the Inland Passage to this Island must come. Within the Pallisade round the Fort there are fine Springs of Water, and there is a well Framed Timber Log House, Thirty Feet by Eighteen, with a Magazine under it both for Ammunition and Provisions. A Scout Boat is stationed at this Island.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1736, to the 9th June 1737. St. Augustine geared up to attack Georgia In the beginning of the Year 1737, the Spaniards at Augustine made Preparations for Attacking the Colony of Georgia; they laid in Quantities of Corn and Provisions, bought up a great number of Fire Arms, and large Bodies of Regular Troops were sent there from the Havana. Georgians were forced to work on defense instead of farming The Lieutenant Governor of South-Carolina informed the Magistrates of Savannah of these Preparations; This Advice and the frequent Alarms which were otherwise given, drew the People off from their Labor in the Sowing Season, and their Improvements in their Plantations were neglected, and they were obliged to make Preparations for their Defense. At the same Time the Highlanders at New-Inverness [Darien], who were exposed to Danger, Built a Fort there and Twelve Pieces of Cannon were mounted on it. Trustees made Savannah stop working on defense and get back to farming Tho' the People at Savannah were not so immediately exposed to Danger, they began to Build a large Fort at their Town of Pallisade Work with Bastions: But as the Trustees perceived this took off the People from their Cultivation, that the Work would be very expensive and they had not Money to support the Expense, they found themselves under a Necessity to put a stop thereto.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] APPENDIX 7: 1737-8-10 LETTER TO THE KING FROM THE GEORGIA TRUSTEES To the KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. The humble Memorial of the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America. Humbly Sheweth That they being entrusted by our Majesty with the Care of the Colony of Georgia, which was formerly Part of your Majesty's Province of South-Carolina, and your Majesty's Colony of Georgia being very much exposed to the Power of 51 the Spaniards, and become an object of their Envy, by having valuable Ports upon the homeward Passage from the Spanish West-Indies, and the Spaniards having increased their Forces in the Neighborhood thereof; The Trustees, in consequence of the great Trust reposed in them by your Majesty, find themselves obliged, humbly to lay before your Majesty, their Inability sufficiently to Protect your Majesty's Subjects settled in Georgia, under the Encouragement of your Majesty's Charter, against this late Increase of Forces, and therefore become humble Suppliants to your Majesty, on the Behalf of your Subjects settled in the Province of Georgia, that your Majesty would be pleased to take their Preservation into your Royal Consideration, that, by a necessary Supply of Forces, the Province may be Protected against the great Dangers that seem immediately to Threaten it. All which is most humbly submitted to your Majesty's great Wisdom. Signed by Order of the Trustees, this 10th Day of August, 1737. Benj. Martyn, Secretary.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1737, to the 9th June 1738. King ordered 600 soldiers to protect Georgia from Spanish attack The Lieutenant Governor of South-Carolina having acquainted the Trustees by a Letter dated from the Council Chamber the 7th February 1736,7, that he had received Advice from Commodore Dent, of Preparations made by the Spaniards at Augustine and the Havannah, in order to make an Attack on the Colony of Georgia, and the Trustees having in a* Memorial to his Majesty set forth the Inability of the Colony to Protect themselves against such a Force as was Preparing at the Havannah and Augustine, his Majesty was graciously pleased to order a Regiment of Six Hundred Effective Men to be raised and sent to Georgia for the Defense and Protection of it. * Appendix, No 7. Soldiers incentivized with land grants And as an Encouragement for the Soldiers good Behavior, the Trustees resolved to give each of them a Property in the Colony; they therefore made a Grant of land in Trust for an Allotment of Five Acres of Land to each Soldier of the Regiment to Cultivate for his own Use and Benefit, and to Hold the same during his continuance in his Majesty's Service; and for a further Encouragement, they resolved, that each Soldier, who at the end of Seven Years from the Time of his Inlisting in the Regiment, should be desirous of quitting his Majesty's Service, and should have his regular Discharge, and would settle in the Colony, should on his Commanding Officer's Certificate of his good Behavior, be entitled to a Grant of Twenty Acres of Land.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1737, to the 9th June 1738. Parliament granted money for more German settlers The Parliament having taken into Consideration the great Expenses which the Trustees had been at in making Roads thro' the Province, and the several Fortifications in it, and the Presents made to the Indians to engage them firmer in the British Interest, 23 and likewise the Preparations which were making by the Spaniards in order to take or destroy the Colony, and having Granted this Year a Sum of Twenty Thousand Pounds for the further Settling and securing the Colony, the Trustees made another Embarkation, which consisted chiefly of Persecuted German Protestants. Head count of people sent this year Number sent. British. Foreign Protestants. Men. The Persons sent on the Charity this Year were 298 whereof 135 and 163 and in 152 Those in the former Years were 1076 whereof 774 and 302 and in 482 The number of Persons sent in the six Years to the 9 June 1738 were 1374 whereof 909 and 465 and in 634 By Accounts received from the Colony before the End of this Year, there appear to have been One Thousand One Hundred and Ten Persons in Georgia, besides those at Tybee, Skidoway Fort, Argyll, Thunderbolt and Augusta, in the Northern Part, and those at St. Andrews and Amelia in the Southern Part. Lands granted this year The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Granted out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Three Thousand Acres. The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going on their own Expense were One Thousand Acres. The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament was £20,000 and in Benefactions 909 l. 19 s. 10 d. 2 q. whereof the Trustees applied 18,870 l. 13 s. 3 d. 2 q. of which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their Charter, and carried the Remainder into their succeeding Accompt.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. Trustees resolved to allow female heirs The Trustees receiving an Account dated the 12th February 1738 from their Secretary in the Province, of an Uneasiness amongst several Persons upon the Tenures of their Lots being confined to the Heirs Male, and they considering that the Colony had been for some Time Established, and the People grown more numerous, and a Regiment being stationed in it for its Defense, whereby the former Tenures became less necessary, did on the 15 March following, at their Anniversary Meeting, resolve, That in Default of Issue Male, any legal Possessor of Land, might by 26 a Deed in Writing, or by his Last Will and Testament, appoint his Daughter as his Successor, or any other Male or Female Relation, with a Proviso, that the Successor should in the proper Court in Georgia, personally claim the Lot Granted or Devised within Eighteen Months after the Death of the Grantor or Devisor. Trustees resolved to allow freeholders to choose any successor This was soon after extended to every legal Possessor's being empowered to appoint any other Person to be his Successor.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] The Germans are thriving in Abercorn About Fifteen Miles from Savannah is a Village called Abercorn; about Twenty Miles further up the River is the Town of Ebenezer were the Saltzburghers are settled with Two Ministers, one of whom computed that the Number of his Congregation in June 1738 consisted of 146. Therefore as the Infants could not be reckoned in the Computation, and as Seven more have since been sent and settled with them, it is believed the Number has been increased; especially since the Town is so Healthy that by a Letter sent to the Society for Propagating Christain Knowledge by the Rev. Mr. Bolzius one of the Ministers at Ebenezer, dated the 26 June 1740, he declared, That in a Year's Time one Person only had died, which was a Child of Four Years old. The People are Industrious and Sober, they raise not only a sufficient quantity of Corn and other Produces for their own Subsistence, but they sell great quantities to those at Savannah who have not been so careful of their own Plantations; they have great Herds of Cattle, and are in so Thriving a Condition that not one Person has abandoned his Settlement, or sent over the least Complaint about the Tenures or the Want of Negroes. On the contrary they in a Body Petitioned against the use of Negroes, and their Ministers have declared, that their Signing that Petition was a voluntary Act; And at their desire another Embarkation of their Countrymen, who are willing to go from Germany and join them, is designed to be sent with all convenient speed.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] The settlers were folks who had proven incapable of managing money As to the First, The Persons sent over were poor indigent People, who had for the most part so indiscreetly managed what they had been Masters of here, that it did not seem safe to trust so absolute a Property in their Hands, at least in the Infancy of the Colony, and before they had by a careful and industrious Behavior given some Reason to believe they would prove better Managers for the future. They owed the “Public” the money that had provided them a start As to the Second, They were sent over to inhabit, cultivate, and secure, by a personal Residence, the Lands Granted to them within the Province, and they voluntarily engaged so to do; And in expectation that they would perform those Engagements, they were Maintained at the Expense of the Public during their Voyage, and their Passage was paid for them, and they were provided with Tools, Arms, Seeds, and other Necessaries, and Supported from the Public Store, many of them at least for four Years together from their first Landing, in which respect the Public may be said to have Purchased those People for a valuable Consideration, their Personal Residence, and all the Industry and Labor they could bestow in the Cultivation of this Province, and to have given them even Pay for the Hazard they might run in the Defense of it. They might sell their property to foreign influences from the surrounding nations As to the Third, It was thought unsafe to Grant them such an Estate as might be the Means of introducing such sort of People as might Defeat what the Trustees had always at Heart, viz. The Preservation of the Protestant Religion in that Province, which was necessary to be taken Care of, both on a Political and Religious Account, the French lying to the West and the Spaniards, to the South of the Preface of Georgia. They would create a monopoly by selling to people within the province As to the Fourth, A Monopoly of several Lots into one Hand 7 would necessarily have been the consequence of a Free Liberty of Buying and Selling Lands within the Province, which would have been directly contrary to the Intent of the Charter, whereby the Grant of Lands to any one Person is limited not to exceed five hundred Acres. Death of an heirless landholder would leave publically invested properties in decay A further inconvenience seemed likely to arise in every Case where the Tenant in Fee died without any Children, or without having disposed of his Lot by Will; for the Heir General who might have the Right to it might not happen to be found out for many Years after, especially if it was one of the Foreign Protestants, and all that Time the House would have run to decay, and the Land remain uncultivated and become a harbour for Vermin, to the great annoyance and damage of the Neighboring Lots. The land restrictions were negotiable when circumstances called for it But though the before-mentioned restraints were intended for the good of the whole, yet whenever particular Cases required it they were taken off and dispensed with: And upon any application for leave to alienate Lands, Licenses were always granted for that purpose; and when the succession of Females become less dangerous to the Province, by the growing strength and increase of the People, and by the Security provided for it by his Majesty's Forces there, the Trustees resolved to enlarge the Tenures of the Lands to Estates in Tail General. 10-year quota of mulberry trees The Tenures being thus settled, it was thought necessary to require the Inhabitants to cultivate their Lands within a limited Time, and in order to raise Raw silk, which was intended to be one of the Produces there, a certain proportion of white Mulberry-Trees were to be Planted, and in their respective Grants Ten Years were allowed for the Cultivation, and one hundred white Mulberry-Trees were to be planted on every ten Acres of Land when Cleared; with a Power for the Trustees to re-enter on the Parts that should remain uncultivated. 10-year quota cut in half due to Spaniards and drought But as the People were not able to Cultivate their Lands within the Time required by their Grants, by reason of the Alarms from the Spaniards, the Droughts in that part of America, and other unforeseen Accidents, the Trustees resolved to release all forfeitures on that Account, and to require the Cultivation of no more than five Acres of the said fifty Acres within the Remainder of the said Term of Ten Years. Conditions for self-funded settlers And as other Persons applied to the Trustees for Grants of Land, in order to go over and Settle there at their own Expense, particular Grants were made under the same Tenure and on the following Conditions viz. That they should within twelve Months from the Date of their Grants, go to and arrive in Georgia, with one Man Servant for every fifty Acres Granted them, and should with such Servants abide, settle, inhabit and continue there for three Years. That they should within ten 8 Years Clear and Cultivate one fifth part of the Land granted them, and within the next ten Years Clear and Cultivate three fifth parts more of the said Lands, and plant one thousand white Mulberry-Trees upon every one hundred Acres thereof when Cleared. And that they should not at any time hire, keep, lodge, board or employ any Negroes within Georgia on any Account whatsoever without special Leave. Which Conditions were readily approved of, and Counterparts executed by them all; and to those who desired to name their Successor on failure of Issue Male, special Covenants were entered into by the Trustees for that Purpose, agreeable to their own Propositions. Man-servants were incentivized with small land grants And for an encouragement for their Men Servants to behave well, like Covenants were entered into, to Grant to every such Man Servant, when requested thereunto by any Writing under the Hand and Seal of the Master, Twenty Acres of Land under the same Tenure. One Negro costs the same as one white settler’s passage and one-year’s expenses The Trustees were induced to prohibit the use of Negroes within Georgia, the Intention of his Majesty's Charter being to provide for poor People incapable of subsisting themselves at Home, and to settle a Frontier to South Carolina, which was vulnerable by the small number of its White Inhabitants. It was impossible that the Poor who should be sent from hence, and the Foreign Persecuted Protestants, who must go in a manner Naked into the Colony, could be able to purchase or subsist them if they had them, and it would be a Charge too great for the Trustees to undertake; and they would be thereby disabled from sending White People. The first Cost of a Negro is about Thirty Pounds, and this Thirty Pounds would pay the Passage over, provide Tools and other Necessaries, and defray the Charge of subsistence of a White Man for a Year, in which time it might be hoped that the Planter's own Labor would grant him some subsistence, Consequently the Purchase Money of every Negro (abstracting the Expense of subsisting him as well as his Master) by being applied that way, would prevent the sending over a White Man who would be a Security to the Province, whereas the Negro would render that Security Precarious. Negroes require farmers to supervise rather than farm It was thought the White Man, by having a Negro Slave, would be less disposed to Labor himself; and that his whole Time must be employed in keeping the Negro to Work, and in watching against any Danger he or his Family might apprehend from the Slave, and that the Planter's Wife and Children would by the Death or even the Absence of the Planter, be at the Mercy of the Negro. The Spaniards are always encouraging Negro rebellion It was also apprehended, that the Spaniards at St. Augustine would be continually enticing away the Negroes, or encouraging them to Insurrections. That the first might easily be accomplished 9 since a single Negro would run away thither without Companions, and would only have a River or two to swim over, and this Opinion has been confirmed and justified by the practices of the Spaniards even in Times of profound Peace amongst the Negroes in South Carolina, where though at a greater Distance from St. Augustine, some have fled in Periaguas and little Boats to the Spaniards, and been Protected, and others in large Bodies have been incited to Insurrections, to the great Terror and even endangering the Loss of that Province, which though it has been established above seventy Years, has scarce White People enough to secure her own Slaves. Georgia was supposed to grow easy crops that don’t require Negro strength It was also considered that the Produces designed to be raised in the Colony, would not require such Labor as to make Negroes necessary for Carrying them on; for the Province of Carolina produces chiefly Rice, which is a Work of Hardship proper for Negroes, whereas the Silk and other Produces which the Trustees proposed to have the People employed on in Georgia, were such as Women and Children might be of as much use in as Negroes. Ability to have Negroes would cause unfair advantage and discourage white work ethic It was likewise apprehended, that if the Persons who should go over to Georgia at their own Expense, should be permitted the use of Negroes, it would dispirit and ruin the Poor Planters who could not get them, and who by their Numbers were designed to be the strength of the Province; it would make them Clamorous to have Negroes given them, and on the Refusal would drive them from the Province, or at least make them negligent of their Plantations, where they would be unwilling, nay would certainly disdain, to work like Negroes; and would rather let themselves out to wealthy Planters as Overseers of their Negroes. It was further thought, that upon the Admission of Negroes, the wealthy Planters would, as in all other Colonies, be more induced to absent themselves and live in other Places, leaving the Care of their Plantations and Negroes to Overseers. Ability to have Negroes would have people mortgaging their properties to get them It was likewise thought, that the Poor Planter sent on Charity, from his desire to have Negroes, as well as the Planter who should settle at his own Expense, would (if he had leave to alienate) Mortgage his Land to the Negro Merchant for them, or at least become a Debtor for the Purchase of such Negroes; and under these Weights and Discouragements would be induced to sell his Slaves again upon any necessity, and would leave the Province and his Lot to the Negro Merchant: In Consequence of which all the small Properties would be swallowed up, as they have been in other Places, by the more wealthy Planters. Allowing free-hire Negroes would weaken Carolina and strengthen St. Augustine In was likewise Considered, that the admitting of Negroes in Georgia would naturally facilitate the Desertion of the Carolina Negroes through the Province of Georgia, and Consequently this Colony instead of proving a Frontier and adding strength to the Province of South Carolina, would be a Means of drawing off the Slaves of Carolina, and adding thereby a strength to Augustine. Summary of reasons for prohibition of Negroes From these several Considerations, as the Produces to be raised in the Colony did not make Negro Slaves necessary, as the Introduction of them so near to a Garrison of the Spaniards would weaken rather than strengthen the Barrier, and as they would introduce with them a greater Propensity to Idleness among the Poor Planters, and too great an Inequality among the People, it was thought proper to make the Prohibition of them a Fundamental of the Constitution.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Jekyll and Cumberland are fortified There are Settlements on the Islands of Jekyll and Cumberland which lie at a small distance from each other to the Southward of Frederica, and on the last Two Forts are Built, one of which 34 was described before, and the other was finished in April 1740 upon the South End of the Island. It commands the Inlet of Amelia Sound, is strongly Pallisaded with Flankers, and is Defended by Eight Pieces of Cannon. Barracks are Built upon this Island for 220 Men with Storehouses, which were finished in October 1738.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. Trustees curbed unauthorized spending with Sola bills AS several Merchants and Captains of Ships had for their own Interest carried into the Colony from New-York and other Places, large Cargoes of Provisions, &c. great part of which (to save the Merchants from Losses) was taken in at the Store without a proper Authority from the Trustees and an Expense created thereby which the Trustees could not Estimate, nor have Ability to Discharge, and for which certified Accounts were returned to them; the Trustees published an Advertisement in the London Gazette, and Ordered it to be Published in the South-Carolina Gazette, and to be affixed upon the Doors of the Storehouses at Savannah and Frederica, That out of a due Regard to Public Credit they had Resolved, that all Expenses which they had Ordered or should Order to be Made in America for the use 24 of the Colony, should be Defrayed and Paid for in Georgia, in Sola Bills of Exchange only, under their Seal; and they gave Notice, that no Person whatsoever had any Authority from them, or in their Name, or for their Account, to purchase or receive any Cargoes of Provisions, Stores or Necessaries, without Paying for them in the said Sola Bills.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. Trustees helped fund De Lyon’s vineyard Upon the Petition of one Abraham De Lyon, a Freeholder of Savannah in Georgia, that he had expended a great Sum in the Cultivation of Vines, which he had carried from Portugal, and had brought to great Perfection; and several Certificates being produced of his Improvements in Cultivating them, and of the Goodness of the Grapes, and of their Thriving in the most barren Lands of the Province, the Trustees assisted him to proceed in his Improvements.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. The Trustees sent a budget, which was helped by the king handling defense The Security of the Colony being provided for by the Regiment sent over by his Majesty, the Parliament gave Eight Thousand Pounds for the further Settling the Colony. Therefore the Trustees sent over an Estimate of all the Expenses they allowed to be made in the Province, by which several Military Expenses, which they had been engaged in for the Defense of the Colony, and which were very great, were reduced.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1739, to the 9th June 1740. While some in Savannah demanded slaves, Carolina was in dire danger of Spanish runaways At the Time that some of the People at Savannah were so clamorous for Negroes (for 75 Land and Freeholders of whom 52 were Freeholders, did not apply for them) the Province of South-Carolina was under frequent Alarms on account of their Negroes there. They had Intelligence that a Conspiracy was formed by the Negroes in Carolina to Rise and forcibly make their Way out of the Province, to put themselves under the Protection of the Spaniards; who had proclaimed Freedom to all who should run away to them from their Owners. That this Conspiracy was discovered at Winyar the most Northern Part of that Province, from whence as the Negroes must bend their Course, it argued that the other Parts of the Province must be Privy to it, and that the Rising was to be universal. Whereupon the whole Province was upon their Guard; the number of Negroes in South-Carolina being computed to be about Forty Thousand, and the number of White Men at most not above Five Thousand. As several Negroes who were employed in Periaguas and other like Craft (which they carried off with them) had taken the Benefit of the Spaniards Proclamation and gone to Augustine, the Government of South-Carolina sent a solemn Deputation to Demand their Slaves; This Deputation consisted of Mr. Brathwaite a Member of the Council, Mr. Rutlidge one of the Assembly, and Mr. Amian Clerk of the Assembly; But the Governor of Augustine tho' in Time of profound Peace, peremptorily refused to deliver them up, and declared he had Orders to receive all such as should come there and protect them. Trustees denied Savannah’s request for Negroes Upon this, and the Petition which was sent from the Highlanders at Darien, and the Saltzburghers at Ebenezer, representing the Danger and Inconvenience of the Introduction of Negroes, the E 28 Trustees sent under their Seal* Answer to the Representation of some of the inhabitants of Savannah. * Appendix, No 11.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. The Trustees sent a minister to Frederica The Trustees this Year sent over the Rev. Mr. Norris to reside at Frederica, with a Salary of Fifty Pounds a Year, Ordered a House to be Built for him, and another for the Inhabitants to perform Divine Service until a Church could be Built there.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1739, to the 9th June 1740. The malcontents were lazy drunkards Among the Persons to whom Grants of Land were made in order to their settling at their own Expense in the Colony, some never went over; others were Gentleman of Carolina who neglected to take up their Lands, or even desire to have them laid out; and others who quitted their Plantations, and went to reside at Savannah as Shop-keepers. One Man in particular an Apothecary Surgeon, from the beginning neglected his Grant and followed his Practice in the Town; another quitted his Plantation and betook himself to Selling of Rum: To these Two almost all the Town of Savannah were Indebted for Physick or Rum, and they first raised the clamour that Lands might be alienable, and Negroes admitted, which would have made them Possession of the chief Part of the Lots. To these some others who had gone at their own Expense, and had employed their Covenanted Servants on their Plantations joined themselves, taking their Servants from their Labor and letting them out to Hire in the Town for the sake of an immediate Profit, on which they lived in an idle and riotous manner; and even at the Time when their Servants were taken off from their proper Labor in their Plantations, they fomented the clamour for Negroes in order to carry them on. The Spirit of Idleness which was very early introduced in the Town, many of the People were too ready to follow; constant Clubs have been held, and Horse Races kept up by them to amuse and divert the People from their Labor: And Delinquents (who have insulted the Laws even in the Courts of Justice and declared they would do their utmost to destroy the Colony) have when committed to Prison been abetted and supported by them. By these the beforementioned Representation was formed, and many of the People by their own Inclination to Idleness, by the Power the others had over them as Creditors, and by Hopes being given them that if they stuck together the Trustees must grant them Negroes, or see the Colony abandoned, were thus drawn in to Sign the same, in which they in a manner Demanded the Permission of Negroes and an Alteration of their Tenures.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] APPENDIX 6: AFFIDAVIT OF Thomas PEARCE Thomas Pearce, aged Forty Years and upwards, of the Dover Man of War, Mariner, having been at Georgia in America on board the Peter and James, Captain George Dymond, in the Year 1735; and, from that Ship, on board the Hawk Sloop, Stationed at Georgia until the Beginning of the 1739, and having Sounded every Inlet from the Sea all along the Coast of Georgia, from Jekyll Sound to Tybee Sound, do solemnly swear: 1. That the said Coast Four Leagues from the Land is all even Ground, not less than Seven or Eight Fathom Water, and any Ship keeping in that Depth of Water may Steer along it with the greatest Safety and Anchor if they have occasion. 2. That on the Bar at Jekyll there is at least 13.5 feet at low Water, and at High Spring Tides 24 feet; and on the Bar at Tybee there is at least 16.5 feet at low Water, and at High Water Spring Tides 25.5 feet; and the Difference between the Spring and Niep Tides is generally between Three and Four Feet. 3. That he is well assured and would undertake by Sounding with a Boat, even at Niep Tides, to carry in 40-Gun Ships over either of the said Bars; 4. That he has seen in the Sound at St. Simon’s, from Jekyll Bar, Ten Sail of Ships at one Time, and that Ten or Twelve 40-gun ships may safely ride there; but behind Jekyll Island there is Water and Room enough for Shipping for Ten Miles up; and that the Sound at Tybee is large enough to hold with Safety Seven or Eight 40-gun ships. 5. That Ships in Jekyll Sound may in 24-hours from the Bar run out into the Gulf-Stream of Florida, through which Stream the Spanish Galleons (when not passing the Winward Passage) always come. Thomas Pearce.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. King gives instructions to resolve South Carolina and Georgia dispute over Indian trade The Assembly of South-Carolina having in the last Year passed an Ordinance for raising a Sum to indemnify their Traders in opposition to the Act which was approved of by his Majesty in Council for maintaining the Peace with the Indians in the Province of Georgia, upon a Memorial from the Trustees complaining of the said Ordinance, and upon a Petition of the Council and Assembly of South-Carolina against the said Act, there was a solemn Hearing before the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, and afterwards before a Committee of the Lords of his Majesty's Privy Council; Whereupon his Majesty was pleased to Order, that the said Ordinance of the Assembly of South-Carolina should be Repealed and declared Void, and was pleased to send an Instruction to the Trustees to prepare a proper Act or Ordinance for settling the Trade carded on by the Provinces of South-Carolina and Georgia with the Indians, on such a Footing as might be for the mutual Benefit and Satisfaction of both Provinces; And his Majesty at the same Time was graciously pleased to give an Instruction to Samuel Horsey, Esq; Governor and Lieutenant-General of South-Carolina, to Recommend to the Council and Assembly there to pass a Law for the like Purpose in that Province: But Samuel Horsey, Esq; dying soon after, and no 25 other Governor having since gone to South-Carolina, that Affair remains unsettled.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. Trustees send Oglethorpe to work with South Carolina on the trade instructions The Trustees immediately sent to Col. Oglethorpe a Copy of his Majesty's Instructions, and desired that he would Consult with Lieutenant Governor Bull in South-Carolina, that Plans of proper Acts might be prepared and sent over to the Trustees for their Consideration, in order to answer the Purposes of his Majesty's Instructions, and that in the mean Time the Commissioners of South-Carolina and the Commissioners of Georgia, might proceed in their respective Provinces in concert with each other to carry on a mutual Trade to the Indians in both Provinces.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. Trustees rebuke Savannah magistrates for assuming self-appointed powers Mr. Stephens, Secretary in Georgia, having informed the Trustees, that the Grand-Jury at Savannah claimed a Right of Administring Oaths, and making Enquiry thereon into all such Matters as they should think fit, and the Trustees having perceived that in a Representation of the said Grand-Jury they had pretended to such Right, sent a Letter to Mr. Stephens to acquaint him, That the Trustees were sensible great Mischiefs might be done by ill-designing Men who might procure themselves to be put upon the Panel, if this Claim of the Grand-Jury was allowed of, and therefore the Trustees ordered him to acquaint the People that the Grand-Jury had no such Right, and that their Claim was entirely illegal.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. Trustees canceled store accounts for any freeholders who had not cultivated their land in due time As the Trustees both by their Letters and Instructions to the Magistrates had constantly exhorted and encouraged the People to a Cultivation of their Lands on which they were to Depend for their Support, and as they found that many (as well of those whom they had sent over as Objects of Charity, as of others who at different Times had gone into the Colony from other Plantations for a Temporary Maintenance) still continued in their Idleness, and were a Burthen upon the Trust, they gave Orders for striking off the Store all such as having had Time to Cultivate their Lands had neglected it. This carried from the Colony many of those who had gone thither or joined it from any parts of America to gain a Subsistence for a Year or two, and of others who had not considered the Hardships of attending the first Settlement of a Country, and were tired of their Labor.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. North Georgia’s petition for titles and Negroes was disputed by South Georgia But whilst the Trustees were taking these steps for the Satisfaction of the People, and whilst those in the Southern Part of the Province (tho' exposed to greater Danger) were industrious and easy in their Settlements, many of those in the Northern Part, who had neglected the Cultivation of their Lands, drew up a* Representation dated the 9th Dec. 1738, setting forth the Want of a Fee Simple to their Lands; and Negroes to cultivate them, but they were far from being seconded or supported by the People in the Southern Parts of the Province, in this Representation, who not only refused to Sign it, but† Petitioned the Trustees against the Use of Negroes, setting forth the Danger they would be in from the Spaniards who had proclaimed Freedom to all Slaves who could reach them, and that by this means they would be exposed to an external Enemy as well as a more dangerous one in their Bosoms. * Appendix, No 8. † Appendix, No 9. Saltzburghers at Ebenezer-also in North Georgia said the area farmed well without Negroes The Industrious Saltzburghers also at Ebenezer (who are in the Northern Part of the Province not far from Savannah)‡ Petitioned against Negroes, and set forth their Satisfaction and Happiness in their Settlement; that they had raised in the last Season, more Rice, Pease, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Cabbage, Corn, &c. than was necessary for their Consumption, and that they did not find the Climate so Warm but that it was very tolerable for Working People. ‡ Appendix, No 10.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. Head count of people sent this year Number sent British. Foreign Protestants. Men. The Persons sent on the Charity this Year were 9 whereof 2 and 7 and in 4 Those in the former Years were 1,374 whereof 909 and 465 and in 634 The number of Persons sent in the seven Years were 9 June 1739 were 1383 whereof 911 and 472 and in 638 The only Return from Georgia this Year, was an Account of the People at Savannah, who were One Hundred and Nine Freeholders, besides their Wives and Children, and besides 27 Inmates and Servants, of the latter of which there were a great Number, part of whose Passages were paid for in the next Year on Representations made to the Trustees for that Purpose. Lands granted this year The Lands Granted in Trust this Year to be Cultivated for the Maintenance of an Orphan House in Georgia, were Five Hundred Acres. Donations received this year The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament, was £.8,000, and in Benefactions 473 l. 9 s. 4 d. which the Trustees applied, as also part of their former Balance to the Amount of 10,347 l. 4 s. 1 d. of which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their Charter, and carried the then Remainder into their succeeding Accompt.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Partially edited for readability by Amy] Oglethorpe traded a life of ease to experience the worse the settlers will experience He has voluntarily banished himself from the Pleasures of a Court and exposed himself to the repeated Dangers of the vast Atlantic Ocean in several perilous and tedious Voyages. He did that instead of allowing himself the Satisfaction which a plentiful Fortune, powerful Friends, and great Merit entitle him to in England. Instead of enjoying his entitlement, he has inured himself to the worst hardships that any the lowest Inhabitant of this new colony could be exposed to. His diet has been moldy Bread and boiled Rice instead of Bread, Salt Beef, Pork, &c. His drink has been water, his bed the damp Earth without any other covering than the Canopy of Heaven to shelter him. All this to set an example to this new Colony how they might bear with such Hardships in their new Settlements.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] He traded a life of ease to experience the worse the settlers will experience He has voluntarily banished himself from the Pleasures of a Court and exposed himself to the repeated Dangers of the vast Atlantic Ocean in several perilous and tedious Voyages. He did that instead of allowing himself the Satisfaction which a plentiful Fortune, powerful Friends, and great Merit entitle him to in England. Instead of enjoying his entitlement, he has inured himself to the worst hardships that any the lowest Inhabitant of this new colony could be exposed to. His diet has been moldy Bread and boiled Rice instead of Bread, Salt Beef, Pork, &c. His drink has been water, his bed the damp Earth without any other covering than the Canopy of Heaven to shelter him. All this to set an example to this new Colony how they might bear with such Hardships in their new Settlements.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1739, to the 9th June 1740. A silk sample from Georgia got rave reviews from experts A parcel of Raw Silk was brought this Year from Georgia by one Mr. Samuel Augspourguer, who made an Affidavit before a Master in Chancery, that he received it from the Hands of Mr. Thomas Jones the Trustees Store-keeper at Savannah, who told him it was the Produce of Georgia, and the said Samuel Augspourguer who resided in the Southern Part of the Province said, That, when at Savannah, he saw the Italian Family there winding off Silk from the Coquos. The Silk was shewed at the Trustees Office to Mr. John Zachary an eminent Raw Silk Merchant, and Mr. Booth one of the greatest Silk Weavers in England, who declared it was as fine as any Italian Silk, and that it was worth at least Twenty Shillings a Pound. The silk report came from a Swiss settler who was going to recruit more Swiss settlers This Mr. Samuel Augspourguer who joined the Colony in the Year 1736, left it in July 1739, with two Men Servants and their Children on his Plantation, and came over to obtain a Grant of Five Hundred Acres of Land, and to get some of his own Countryman from the Canton of Bearn in Switzerland to go with him as Servants on his Return to Georgia in order to proceed more effectually in the Cultivation of his Lands.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1739, to the 9th June 1740. Oglethorpe reported Spanish attempts to buy Creek alliance In the Month of August 1739, the Trustees received Advice from General Oglethorpe that he had frequent Intelligence of the Spaniards endeavoring to Bribe the Indians and particular the Creek Nation into a Rupture with the English, which made it necessary for him to go to the General Assembly of the Indian Nations at the Coweta-Town about Five Hundred Miles distant from Frederica, in order to prevent such Designs and Seditions among them, and that he had been obliged to buy Horses and Presents to carry up to this Meeting, where the Choctaws (who are upon the Frontiers between the English and French Settlements) and the Chickesaws were to send their Deputies.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1739, to the 9th June 1740. Oglethorpe negotiated alliance with Creek in response to French threat from Canada This Journey of General Oglethorpe's has since appeared to be of great Service to the Public; for on the 26 August 1739, Mr. Stephens received an Express from Col. Bull Lieutenant Governor of South-Carolina, that he had Intelligence from Lieutenant Governor Clarke of New-York concerning the French Marching from Mont-Real near Quebeck with a Body of about Two Hundred Regular Troops and Five Hundred Indians, who were to be re-inforced by French and Indians in their Journey: That this Army was designed against the Indians in Friendship with his Britannick Majesty's Subjects of Carolina and Georgia who are situated near some Branches of the Mississippi River. Col. Bull added, that he should immediately dispatch an Express to the Creek-Nations with Advice to General Oglethorpe of the Contents of Lieutenant Governor Clarke's Letter, and that it was necessary that both the Provinces of Carolina and Georgia should be on their Guard, tho' if the Creek Indians should prove True the Danger would not be great; General Oglethorpe by his Treaties with the Indians in this Journey has confirmed them in the British Interest, and made a new Treaty with them whereby 30 their former Concession of Lands to Great-Britain was confirmed and Extended.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1739, to the 9th June 1740. Trustees published better title rights to encourage more settlers The Trustees to make all the People as Easy and Contented as they could, published an Advertisement in the London Gazette the 8th September 1739, and other Papers, which was continued for several Days, and ordered it to be Published in the South-Carolina Gazette, that they had resolved to enlarge their Grants on Failure of Issue Male, and to make a Provision for the Widows of the Grantees in the following manner, viz. That the Lands already Granted should on Failure of Issue Male descend to the 29 Daughters of such Grantees, and in case there should be no Issue Male or Female, that the Grantee might Devise such Lands, and for want of such Devise that such Lands should Descend to their Heirs at Law; with a Proviso that the Possession of the Person who should enjoy such Devise should not be increased to more than Five Hundred Acres, and that the Widows of the Grantees should Hold and Enjoy the Dwelling-House, Garden, and one Moiety of the Lands their Husbands should Die seized of for and during the Term of their Lives. The Trustees directed in the Advertisement, that those who intended to have the Benefit given them should enter their respective Claims, in order that proper Grants and Conveyances in the Law might be forthwith prepared and executed for that purpose; and that no Fee or Reward was to be taken for the entering of any such Claim directly or indirectly by any Person or Persons whatsoever.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1739, to the 9th June 1740. Head count of people sent this year Number sent. British. Foreign Protestants. Men. The Person whose Passages were Paid for on the Charity were 138 whereof 4 and 134 and in 49 The persons sent on the Charity in the former Years were 1383 whereof 911 and 472 and in 638 The number of Persons sent in the eight Years to the 9th June 1740, were 1521 whereof 915 and 606 and in 687 Lands granted this year The Lands Granted this Year to be Cultivated at the Expense of the Incorporated Society in Scotland for promoting Christian Knowledge in order to raise a Maintenance for the Scots Minister at New-Inverness [Darien] in Georgia were Three Hundred Acres. The Lands Granted this Year to be Cultivated by a Person at his own Expense were Five Hundred Acres. The Lands Granted in Trust in the said Eight Years in order to be Granted out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Forty one Thousand Six Hundred Acres; to be Cultivated for Religious Uses were Nine Hundred Acres, and to be Cultivated for the Maintenance of an Orphan House were Five Hundred Acres. The Lands Granted in the said Eight Years to Persons who were to cultivate them at their own Expense were Twenty seven Thousand One Hundred and Eighty five Acres. Donations received this year The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament was £.20,000 and in Benefactions 181 l. 4 s. 3 d. 2 q. whereof in South-Carolina the amount in Sterling Money 86 l. 6 s. 11 d. 2 q. and in England 94 l. 17 s. 4 d. whereof the Trustees applied 16,614 l. 2 s. 5 d. 2 q. of which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor, and the Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench, pursuant to their Charter, and the Remainder of all the Money they ever received being 5917 l. 7 s. 7 d. will be carried into their succeeding Accompt.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1740, to the present Time. Trustees released more female heir rights The Trustees this Year took further Methods for the Satisfaction of the People in the Province, they extended the Tenures be which a Daughter of a Grantee, or any other Person, was made capable of enjoying by Devise or Inheritance, any quantity of Lands which did not increase her or his Possession to more than Two Thousand Acres. Trustees allowed land leases A License was likewise Granted to all the present Possessors of land in Georgia, to make Leases of any Parts of their Lots for any Term not exceeding Three Years to any Person residing in Georgia and who should reside there during the Term of such Lease. ...There is no longer any reason to complain about the titles Under these Circumstances it is presumed that no Complaint can now with Reason be made against the Tenure by which the Inhabitants at this Time hold their Lands, since they have more Power than is Generally given by Marriage Settlements in which the Grantees are only Tenants for Life, incapable of Mortgaging or Aliening or making any Disposition by their Last Will, whereas the Freeholders in Georgia are now become Tenants in Tail-General, and may with the License of the Common Council of the said Trustees upon Application made to them for that purpose, Mortgage or Alien, and further without that License have it absolutely in their Power on Failure of Issue in Tail to dispose thereof by their Last Will.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Jekyll and Cumberland are fortified There are Settlements on the Islands of Jekyll and Cumberland which lie at a small distance from each other to the Southward of Frederica, and on the last Two Forts are Built, one of which 34 was described before, and the other was finished in April 1740 upon the South End of the Island. It commands the Inlet of Amelia Sound, is strongly Pallisaded with Flankers, and is Defended by Eight Pieces of Cannon. Barracks are Built upon this Island for 220 Men with Storehouses, which were finished in October 1738.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] The Germans are thriving in Abercorn About Fifteen Miles from Savannah is a Village called Abercorn; about Twenty Miles further up the River is the Town of Ebenezer were the Saltzburghers are settled with Two Ministers, one of whom computed that the Number of his Congregation in June 1738 consisted of 146. Therefore as the Infants could not be reckoned in the Computation, and as Seven more have since been sent and settled with them, it is believed the Number has been increased; especially since the Town is so Healthy that by a Letter sent to the Society for Propagating Christain Knowledge by the Rev. Mr. Bolzius one of the Ministers at Ebenezer, dated the 26 June 1740, he declared, That in a Year's Time one Person only had died, which was a Child of Four Years old. The People are Industrious and Sober, they raise not only a sufficient quantity of Corn and other Produces for their own Subsistence, but they sell great quantities to those at Savannah who have not been so careful of their own Plantations; they have great Herds of Cattle, and are in so Thriving a Condition that not one Person has abandoned his Settlement, or sent over the least Complaint about the Tenures or the Want of Negroes. On the contrary they in a Body Petitioned against the use of Negroes, and their Ministers have declared, that their Signing that Petition was a voluntary Act; And at their desire another Embarkation of their Countrymen, who are willing to go from Germany and join them, is designed to be sent with all convenient speed.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] AN73 The authors were low-down scumbags The Dedication seems a very just Introduction to such a Narrative, both being the real Offspring of such factious and turbulent Authors. The narrative is a mean low-witted Sneer and a malicious, bad-natured Insult against that honorable Gentleman, James Oglethorpe. Without any regard to Good Manners or Common Civility, the authors treat his Excellency (almost to his Face) with as much rudeness as any person can use, even to an Inferior. However, I can only say a very fit prelude to such an inconsistent, spiteful, false Narrative. It is a narrative founded in lies, published by a few Persons of no Estate or Character who: 1. Were soured in their Tempers because they weren’t humored in their attempts to subvert or alter the Constitution of a new settled Colony, even in its Infancy and before any great experiment was made to improve. 2. Were forced to banish themselves from the Colony because their seditious, rebellious Practices and turbulent Spirits put them in danger every day of being confronted as malcontents and Incendiaries against the Peace of the Government. 3. Had shared deeply in his Excellency’s Favors, and therefore guilty of the most monstrous Sin in nature, ingratitude. Si ingratum dixeris, Omnia. In short, they are Persons who most accurately fit the Character given by the Right Honorable Sir William Young in a Debate concerning the Printer of a seditious Paper, “that they are Men whose daily Employment has been, for some “time, to misrepresent the Public Measures, to disperse Scandal, “and excite Rebellion; who have industriously propagated “every Murmur of Discontent, and preserved every “Whisper of Malevolence from perishing in the Birth.”— Gent. Mag. Supplement to 1741, p. 682. B. The authors are trying to defame a perfect gentleman with noble goals These are the mighty Authors and Publishers of the Scurrilious Narrative that seems intended to obstruct attempts to settle the Colony of Georgia, and to sully the Character and Administration of a Gentleman who may (without Flattery or Falsehood) be justly termed the Romulus, Father, and Founder of Georgia. This gentleman’s only goals are to: 1. Enlarge his Majesty's Dominions 2. Propagate the Protestant Religion 3. Promoting the Trade of his Country, and 4. Provide for the Wants and Necessities of indigent Christians. …However, his Excellency's Conduct has been approved of at Home and will soon appear in such a Light that his Enemies will be ashamed of their impudent Lies and perhaps pay for their own Folly. How far the Ill-Nature and impotent Malice of the Authors of the Narrative have carried them beyond the Bounds of Truth or good Manners will appear in the following Sheets. These pages give a true and authentic Account of the Progress of that Colony from its first Establishment to the Year 1741, which being published by the Order of the Honorable the Trustees and printed in London, Anno 1741, is now Re-printed here, with no other View than to obviate the Prejudices which may be raised in the Minds of People by that Scandalous Narrative, and so may be a Means of delivering that New Settlement from the ill Effect of such Misrepresentations as are handed about by that Libel to deter his Majesty's Subjects from settling in that Frontier Colony, so necessary for advancing and protecting the Trade of this and our Mother Country on the Southernmost Part of North America, and extending our Colonies both on the Gulf of Florida, and the Bay of Mexico. Magna est Veritas, & prevalebit.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA (edited by Amy) His Conduct in War falls nothing short of his Prudence in private Life and Policy in Public Stations. However, that great conduct might have been misrepresented to the World with respect to the Miscarriage before St. Augustine, the true Causes of which are justly to be laid at the Door of Two Sorts of Men concerned in that Expedition: 1. Those under a command different from the General, upon whose Assistance the Success of that Expedition chiefly depended, but who entirely left him when their assistance was most wanted. 2. Those Out-Guards who were to give the alarm to the main-guard when the Spaniards advanced. Instead of firing their Pieces and giving the Alarm, they flung down their Arms and ran away. As a result, the slaughter of the men at Musa happened. And yet, Ill-Nature will lay the Blame of all to his Excellency, when indeed the Miscarriage was caused by either Neglect of or Disobedience to the Military Orders that his Excellency had given; or by not being supported by those under a different Command, on whom he chiefly depended for Success of that Attack. A Council of War held on board one of his Majesty's Ships concluded that instead of sending their Boats and Men ashore to assist in destroying the Six Gallies wherein the Spaniards’ greatest Safe-guard lay and which continually fired on the land forces from under the Walls over the River, To his Excellency's great Surprise, that other company hoisted their Sails and went away without the least Notice of their Departure. As a result, the Spanish garrison was relieved with Provisions through the Metanges [Matanzas], a small Inlet about Four Leagues to the Southward of the Bar, which might have been prevented had those of a different Command done their Duty. Thus I leave any impartial Man to judge the Consequence of their Departure at so critical a Juncture, and the fatal Event it produced to his Majesty's Land Forces.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1740, to the present Time. Many freeholders submitted claims for new tenures By an Account received from the Secretary in the Province it appears, that on the 1st August 1740, about Seventy Freeholders of the Northern Part of the Province, delivered in the Town Court of Savannah their Claims of Lots under the Tenures which were Advertized the last Year in the South-Carolina and London Gazettes. That on the 15th of the same Month, as many or more appeared in the said Town Court of the said Occasion, and that on the 27th of the same Month divers more delivered in their Claims likewise.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] From the 9th June 1740, to the present Time. Trustees eased up on forfeitures and quotas A general Release was likewise passed by which no Advantage was to be taken against any of the present Possessors of Land in Georgia for any Forfeitures incurred at any Time before Christmas 1740, in relation either to the Tenure or Cultivation of Lands, and the Possessors of Fifty Acres of land were not obliged to cultivate more than Five Acres thereof in Ten Years from their Grants, and those under Fifty Acres in proportion: And the Possessors of Five Hundred Acres of Land were not obliged to cultivate more than One Hundred and Twenty Acres thereof in Twenty Years from their Grants, and those of under Five Hundred Acres and above Fifty Acres in proporation in order to prevent any Forfeitures for want of Cultivating the Quantities required.

From 1741 AN ACCOUNT, SHEWING THE PROGRESS OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA IN AMERICA, FROM IT'S FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. [Edited for readability by Amy] Trustees are waiting for a State of the Colony report from Georgia’s secretary The Trustees are informed by their Secretary in the Province that in pursuance of their Orders he had just finished an authentical Account of the State of the Colony with respect to the Number of Inhabitants in the several Towns and Villages, the Number of Houses and the Settlements made, the Progress which the several People had made in the Cultivation of their Lands, and their Ability or Inability to support themselves, and in case were the last appeared the Reason of it; the Proportions of the different sorts of Soil as near as could be computed, and an Account of the several Produces which by Experience or Appearance could or might be raised for trade. And the Trustees are daily in expectation of receiving from him the said Account. But by the several Accounts before received they are enabled to give, though an imperfect one, the following State of the Settlements, viz. TRUSTEES STATE OF THE SETTLEMENT COMPILED FROM VARIOUS REPORTS Structures in Savannah The Town of Savannah is about Ten Miles up the River Savannah, where are (besides Warehouses and Huts) at least One Hundred and Thirty Houses in the Town; as these for the sake of Air, and to prevent the spreading of any Fire, are Built at some Distance from each other, they make several spacious Squares and wide Streets. There is a regular Magistracy settled in the Town, which the Trustees are obliged to be at the Expense of Supporting, 'till the Colony arrives at sufficient Strength to do it. There are in the Town a Court-House, a Store-House, a Goal, a House for the Trust Servants, a Wharf, a Guard-House and some other Public Buildings; a Church is at present Building and a Clergyman is settled there. The Town is excellently situated for Trade, the Navigation of the River being very secure and Ships of Three Hundred Tons can lie within Six Yards of the Town and the Worm does not Eat them. Highgate and Hampstead villages supply Savannah with garden vegetables About Four Miles from Savannah, inland from the River, are the Two Villages Highgate and Hampstead, which lie at about a Mile distant from each other: The People settled there apply themselves chiefly to Gardening, and supply the Town of Savannah with quantities of Greens and Garden stuff. Twenty plantations are partially cleared By the Account of Mr. Thomas Stephens, who at his Father's request was sent over to assist him in his Business of Secretary in the Province and continued with him there some short Time, he states, that there are Twenty Plantations within Twenty Miles 33 round Savannah, which have each of them from Five to Thirty Acres of Land Cleared. The Germans are thriving in Abercorn About Fifteen Miles from Savannah is a Village called Abercorn; about Twenty Miles further up the River is the Town of Ebenezer were the Saltzburghers are settled with Two Ministers, one of whom computed that the Number of his Congregation in June 1738 consisted of 146. Therefore as the Infants could not be reckoned in the Computation, and as Seven more have since been sent and settled with them, it is believed the Number has been increased; especially since the Town is so Healthy that by a Letter sent to the Society for Propagating Christain Knowledge by the Rev. Mr. Bolzius one of the Ministers at Ebenezer, dated the 26 June 1740, he declared, That in a Year's Time one Person only had died, which was a Child of Four Years old. The People are Industrious and Sober, they raise not only a sufficient quantity of Corn and other Produces for their own Subsistence, but they sell great quantities to those at Savannah who have not been so careful of their own Plantations; they have great Herds of Cattle, and are in so Thriving a Condition that not one Person has abandoned his Settlement, or sent over the least Complaint about the Tenures or the Want of Negroes. On the contrary they in a Body Petitioned against the use of Negroes, and their Ministers have declared, that their Signing that Petition was a voluntary Act; And at their desire another Embarkation of their Countrymen, who are willing to go from Germany and join them, is designed to be sent with all convenient speed. Public cow pen at Old Ebenezer About Ten Miles from hence, and upon a River running into Savannah is a Place called Old Ebenezer were is a Cow-pen and a great number of Cattle for the use of the Public and for Breeding. Augusta is thriving with Indian trade and defense At a considerable distance from hence is the Town of Augusta before described, which with the great resort of Traders and Indians, is in a thriving Condition, and is and will be a great Protection to both the Provinces of Carolina and Georgia against any Designs of the French. Scottish Highlanders in Darien In the Southern Part of the Province is the Town of New Inverness [Darien] upon the River Alatamaha where the Highlanders are settled. Frederica’s fortifications and regiment And about Twenty Miles from hence on the Island of St. Simons near the Sea is the Town of Frederica with a regular Magistracy, as at Savannah, supported at the Expense of the Trust; strong Fortifications round the Town are almost finished, and at the South East Point of the Island are Barracks for Three Hundred and Thirty Men. Jekyll and Cumberland are fortified There are Settlements on the Islands of Jekyll and Cumberland which lie at a small distance from each other to the Southward of Frederica, and on the last Two Forts are Built, one of which 34 was described before, and the other was finished in April 1740 upon the South End of the Island. It commands the Inlet of Amelia Sound, is strongly Pallisaded with Flankers, and is Defended by Eight Pieces of Cannon. Barracks are Built upon this Island for 220 Men with Storehouses, which were finished in October 1738. Ships can harbor at St. Simons There are Six Forts in the Province, and a Battery of Cannon erected to secure the Harbour of St. Simons, under which Ships may safely lie. South Carolina has expanded south thanks to Georgia’s buffer and Indian relations The Indians, from the Presents which they have Annually received from the Trustees, and from the Justice and Humanity with which they have been treated, are secured in the British Interest, notwithstanding the Arts both of the French, and the Spaniards to seduce them: By this South-Carolina has been free from those Wars, in which (as the Preamble of his Majesty's Charter sets forth) they had frequently suffered, and so late as in the Year 1715 had been laid almost waste with Fire and Sword, and by the Security which South-Carolina received by such a Frontier as Georgia is to it, very large Tracts of Land have been Cultivated in the Southern Part of that Province, which no Person would venture to settle on before, and a great quantity of Rice raised thereon. The freeholders were supposed to thrive on farming As the People in Georgia sent on the Charity were supported to enable them to raise their own Provisions in the first Place on the Lands they should Clear, and to convert the Timber they should cut down in Clearing those Lands into Lumber, which they might to their great Advantage Transport to the Sugar Colonies, and further to raise Silk, Wine, and Oil, for which the Climate was very proper, it was hoped from thence they would gain a comfortable Subsistence, and be of service to their Mother Country in raising such Produces, which at present are purchased from Foreigners with Ready Money. The Trustees submit to Parliament’s guidance on what’s next for Georgia Having thus stated the Plan laid down for the Trustees by his Majesty's Charter, the several steps taken by them for the Execution of that Plan, with their Yearly Progress therein, the several Obstructions from unforeseen Accidents which have checked that Progress, with the present Condition of the Colony, according to the latest and most authentic Accounts from thence, they submit the whole to the Wisdom of this Honorable House, being entirely disposed to follow any Directions that shall flow from thence. And as they have no other View but the Service of their Country, by making this Colony as useful to the Interest of Great-Britain, as by its Situation and Climate it is capable of being, they heartily with the Trust in abler Hands that those important Services might not be defeated thro' their Inability. By Order of the Trustees, Benj. Martyn, Secretary.

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/colonial/georgia/trustees.html Two of the grievances voiced by Georgia settlers in 1741 concerned the prohibitions on selling one's own property and on importing and using Negro labor. In 1742, the Georgia Trustees published a pamphlet titled An Account Shewing the Progress in the Colony of Georgia. In the excerpts from that pamphlet below, how do the Trustees justify their land policy? How do they justify the prohibition against Negro laborers? What general attitude toward the Georgia colonists do the Trustees exhibit? . . . In Pursuance of his Majesty's Charter, and in order to fulfil the good Intents and Purposes therein expressed, it was thought necessary for the Trustees to send over such poor People and foreign Protestants as were willing to Live in Georgia, not only to cultivate the Lands, but at the same Time to strengthen his Majesty's Colonies. For which purpose they considered each Inhabitant both as a Planter and a Soldier; and they were therefore to be Provided with Arms for their Defence, as well as Tools for their Cultivation, and to be Taught the Exercise of both, and Towns were to be laid out for their Settlements, and Lands allotted to each of them for their Maintenance as near to those Towns as conveniently could be, that they might never have Occasion to be too far distant from their Towns, which were to be regarded as their Garrisons. And as the Military Strength of the Province was particulaly to be taken care of, it seemed necessary to Establish such Tenures of Lands as might most effectually preserve the Number of Planters, or Soldiers, equal to the Number of Lots of Lands, and therefore each Lot of Land was to be considered as a Military Fief, and to contain so much in Quantity as would Support such Planter and his Family; and Fifty Acres were judged sufficient and not too much for that Purpose, and Provision was made to prevent an Accumulation of several Lots into one Hand, lest the Garrison should be lessened, and likewise to prevent a Division of those Lots into smaller Parcels, lest that which was no more than Sufficient for one Planter, when entire, should if divided amongst several, be too scanty for their Subsistence. And in the Infancy of the Colony, the Lands were Granted in Tail Male, preferable to any other Tenure, as the most likely to answer these Purposes; for if the Grants were to be made in Tail General, it was thought that the Strength of each Township would soon be diminished, in as much as every Female Heir in Tail, who was unmarried, would have been intitled to one Lot, and consequently have taken frown the Garrison the Portion of one Soldier; and by Intermarriages several Lots might have been united into one; and if such Tenant in Tail General had had several Daughters, his Lot must have been Divided equally amongst them all as Co-partners. Nor were these the only inconveniencies which were thought likely to arise from Estates in Tail General: For Women being equally incapable to Act as Soldiers or serve on Juries, these Duties, and many others, such as Watchings and Wardings, &c. would return so much oftener to each Man, in proportion as the Number of the Men in the Township was lessened, and by that means become very burthensome to the Remaining Male Lot holders, and in case of any Attack from the Indians, French or Spaniards, the Township would be less able to make a Defence. And as it was not thought proper to Grant Estates in Tail General, it appeared to be more inconvenient to Grant them in Fee Simple; which Estate would have been attended with all the Objections before mentioned incident to Estates in Tail General, and to several other besides; for the Right of Alienation being inseparable from an Estate in Fee, the Grantee might have Sold, Mortgaged, or Aliened his Lands to whomever he thought fit, which was a Power not to be intrusted with the People sent over, for the following Reasons: * 1. From Considering their Condition. * 2. From Considering the Purposes they were sent for. * 3. From Considering the Persons to whom Lands might be Alienated. And, * 4. From Considering that it might Occasion a Monopoly of Land contrary to the Intent of the Charter. As to the First, The Persons sent over were poor indigent People, who had for the most part so indiscreetly managed what they had been Masters of here, that it did not seem safe to trust so absolute a Property in their Hands, at least in the Infancy of the Colony, and before they had by a careful and industrious Behaviour given some Reason to believe they would prove better Managers for the future. As to the Second, They were sent over to inhabit, cultivate, and secure, by a personal Residence, the Lands Granted to them within the Province, and they voluntarily engaged so to do; And in expectation that they would perform those Engagements, they were Maintained at the Expence of the Publick during their Voyage, and their Passage was paid for them, and they were provided with Tools, Arms, Seeds, and other Necessaries, and Supported from the Publick Store, many of them at least for four Years together from their first Landing, in which respect the Publick may be said to have Purchased those People for a valuable Consideration, their Personal Residence, and all the Industry and Labour they could bestow in the Cultivation of this Province, and to have given them even Pay for the Hazard they might run in the Defence of it. As to the Third, It was thought unsafe to Grant them such an Estate as might be the Means of introducing such sort of People as might Defeat what the Trustees had always at Heart, viz. The Preservation of the Protestant Religion in that Province, which was necessary to be taken Care of, both on a Political and Religious Account, the French lying to the West and the Spaniards, to the South of the Preface of Georgia. As to the Fourth, A Monopoly of several Lots into one Hand would necessarily have been the consequence of a Free Liberty of Buying and Selling Lands within the Province, which would have been directly contrary to the Intent of the Charter, whereby the Grant of Lands to any one Person is limited not to exceed five hundred Acres. . . . The Tenures being thus settled, it was thought necessary to require the Inhabitants to cultivate their Lands within a limited Time, and in order to raise Raw silk, which was intended to be one of the Produces there, a certain proportion of white Mulberry-Trees were to be Planted, and in their respective Grants Ten Years were allowed for the Cultivation, and one hundred white Mulbery-Trees were to be planted on every ten Acres of Land when Cleared; with a Power for the Trustees to re-enter on the Parts that should remain uncultivated. But as the People were not able to Cultivate their Lands within the Time required by their Grants, by reason of the Alarms from the Spaniards, the Droughts in that part of America, and other unforeseen Accidents, the Trustees resolved to release all forfeitures on that Account, and to require the Cultivation of no more than five Acres of the said fifty Acres within the Remainder of the said Term of Ten Years. . . . The Trustees were induced to prohibit the use of Negroes within Georgia, the Intention of his Majesty's Charter being to provide for poor People incapable of subsisting themselves at Home, and to settle a Frontier to South Carolina, which was much exposed by the small number of it's White Inhabitants. It was imposible that the Poor who should be sent from hence, and the Foreign Prosecuted Protestants, who must go in a manner Naked into the Colony, could be able to purchase or subsist them if they had them, and it would be a Charge too great for the Trustees to undertake; and they would be thereby disabled from sending White People. The first Cost of a Negro is about Thirty Pounds, and this Thirty Pounds would pay the Passage over, provide Tools and other Necessaries, and defray the Charge of subsistence of a White Man for a Year, in which time it might be hoped that the Planter's own Labour would grant him some subsistence, Consequently the Purchase Money of every Negro (abstracting the Expence of subsisting him as well as his Master) by being applied that way, would prevent the sending over a White Man who would be a Security to the Province, whereas the Negro would render that Security Precarious. It was thought the White Man, by having a Nero Slave, would be less disposed to Labour himself; and that his whole Time must be employed in keeping the Negro to Work, and in watching against any Danger he or his Family might apprehend from the Slave, and that the Planter's Wife and Children would by the Death or even the Absence of the Planter, be at the Mercy of the Negro. It was also apprehended, that the Spaniards at St. Augustine would be continually enticing away the Negroes, or encouraging them to Insurrections. That the first might easily be accomplished since a single Negro would run away thither without Companions, and would only have a River or two to swim over, and this Opinion has been confirmed and justified by the practices of the Spaniards even in Times of profound Peace amongst the Negroes in South Carolina, where though at a greater Distance from St. Augustine, some have fled in Periaguas and little Boats to the Spaniards, and been Protected, and others in large Bodies have been incited to Insurrections, to the great Terror and even endangering the Loss of that Province, which though it has been established above seventy Years, has scarce White People enough to secure her own Slaves. It was also considered that the Produces designed to be raised in the Colony, would not require such Labour as to make Negroes necessary for Carrying them on; for the Province of Carolina produces chiefly Rice, which is a Work of Hardship proper for Negroes, whereas the Silk and other Produces which the Trustees proposed to have the People employed on in Georgia, were such as Women and Children might be of as much use in as Negroes. It was likewise apprehended, that if the Persons who should go over to Georgia at their own Expence, should be permitted the use of Negroes, it would dispirit and ruin the Poor Planters who could not get them, and who by their Numbers were designed to be the strength of the Province; it would make them Clamorous to have Negroes given them, and on the Refusal would drive them from the Province, or at least make them negligent of their Plantations, where they would be unwilling, nay would certainly disdain, to work like Negroes; and would rather let themselves out to wealthy Planters as Overseers of their Negroes. It was further thought, that upon the Admission of Negroes, the wealthy Planters would, as in all other Colonies, be more induced to absent themselves and live in other Places, leaving the Care of their Plantations and Negroes to Overseers. It was likewise thought, that the Poor Planter sent on Charity, from his desire to have Negroes, as well as the Planter who should settle at his own Expence, would (if he had leave to alienate) Mortgage his Land to the Negro Merchant for them, or at least become a Debtor for the Purchase of such Negroes; and under these Weights and Discouragements would be induced to sell his Slaves again upon any necessity, and would leave the Province and his Lot to the Negro Merchant: In Consequence of which all the small Properties would be swallowed up, as they have been in other Places, by the more wealthy Planters. In was likewise Considered, that the admitting of Negroes in Georgia would naturally facilitate the Desertion of the Corolina Negroes through the Province of Georgia, and Consequently this Colony instead of proving a Frontier and adding strength to the Province of South Carolina, would be a Means of drawing off the Slaves of Carolina, and adding thereby a strength to Augustine. From these several Considerations, as the Produces to be raised in the Colony did not make Negro Slaves necessary, as the Introduction of them so near to a Garrison of the Spaniards would weaken rather than strengthen the Barrier, and as they would introduce with them a greater Propensity to Idleness among the Poor Planters, and too great an Inequality among the People, it was thought proper to make the Prohibition of them a Fundamental of the Constitution. ~END~