They made their fires in the usual Indian fashion, by means of two sticks.3 Le Moyne figures several different kinds of pots and baskets. Some of the former are of a size and shape suggestive of Creek sofki pots. In one picture a large pot with a round bottom is seen placed over a fire. There are also two or three earthen pots, some with short handles, a few flat dishes or pans, and in one place are two large gourds or earthen jugs which seem to be provided with strap handles and to be closed by means of small earthen jars placed over them, mouth down.5 Laudonniere saw in the house of one of the chiefs "a great vessel of earth made after a strange fashion, full of fountain water, clear, and very excellent." ° "A little vessel of wood, " used as a cup, is spoken of in the same connection,5 and Le Moyne mentions round bottles or wooden vessels in which they carried cassine.7 Among baskets we find the common southern carrying basket with a strap passing over the forehead of the bearer. Le Moyne figures sieves and fanners. In addition, however, there is a basket with two handles very much like our bushel basket, and several baskets with one handle like European baskets.1 These last I believe to have been based on the imagination of the illustrator. In 1562 one of the Florida chiefs presented Ribault with "a basket made of palm boughs, after the Indian fashion, and wrought very artificially."2 Three years later one of his lieutenants received "little panniers skillfully made of palm leaves, full of gourds, red and blue."2 Woven mats are also spoken of.4 It appears from Pareja that shells were ordinarily used as drinking cups.5 Regarding skin dressing Le Moyne says: "They know how to prepare deerskin, not with iron instrument, but with shells, in a surprisingly excellent manner; indeed I do not believe that any European could do it as well."6 Skins, painted and unpainted, were presented to the French; and one of those given to Ribault was "painted and drawn throughout with pictures of divers wild beasts; so lively drawn and portrayed that nothing lacked but life." Le Moyne mentions "green and blue stones, which some thought to be emeralds and sapphires, in the form of wedges, which they used, instead of axes, for cutting wood."8 From this it appears that they probably felled trees, cleared their land, and manufactured canoes in the same manner as the other southern Indians, using stone axes and fire. At any rate they made their canoes out of single trunks of trees. Ribault says that these would hold 15 or 20 men, and he adds that they rowed, or rather paddled, standing up.8 The canoes illustrated by Le Moyne all have blunt bows, but those at present employed by the Florida Seminole are pointed, and the canoes recovered from time to time from the marshes also have pointed bows. The use of additional pieces for the bow and stern does not seem to have been known. Le Moyne represents their paddles with rather short, wide blades.8 That they had means of cutting very hard substances is shown by the statement in Elvas that the Indians captured by De Soto's army would file through the irons at night with a splinter of stone.10 As elsewhere in the Southeast, cane knives were extensively employed. The dog was the only domestic animal, and there is no evidence that it was used to assist in transportation; therefore land transportation was all on foot, berdaches being employed to carry very heavy burdens.1 The chiefs, chiefs' wives, and other principal persons were, on occasions of state, carried in litters, borne on the shoulders of several men. All early Spanish travelers among the southern Indians speak of these, and Le Moyne illustrates one in which a woman is being borne on the shoulders of four men.2 She is placed on a raised seat covered with a decorated skin, and protected from the sun by a structure of green boughs. Each of the bearers carries a crotched stick in one hand. The opposite end of each of these was stuck into the ground when they made a halt and the handles of the litter were allowed to rest in the crotches. Before march two men blowing on flutes, and at the sides are two others with large feather fans on the ends of long poles. Some of these features, especially the last, seem suspiciously European, but the use of flutes before such personages is well attested. Feather fans were also employed throughout the southern area; it is rather the type of fan shown here that is doubtful. Other animals besides the dog were perhaps reared from time to time, as one of Laudonniere's lieutenants was presented with two young eagles by a chief who had bred them in his house.2 The statement in De Soto's letter regarding domestication of turkeys and deer is evidently a mistake.4 Ribault says that the tools with which they made their "spades and mattocks," their bows and arrows, and short lances, and with which they "cut and polished all sorts of wood that they employed about their buildings," were "certain stones, oyster shells, and mussels."5 They lived partly upon the natural products of the earth, but depended principally upon the chase, fishing, and agriculture. (Swanton)